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The deep nuclei of the mammalian cerebellum also contain the highest density of perineural nets\u2014mesh-like structures that surround neurons\u2014in the brain, and it appears there may be a connection between these nets and cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory. Here, we review how the cerebellum is involved in eyeblink conditioning\u2014a particularly well-understood form of learning and memory\u2014and focus on the role of perineuronal nets in intrinsic membrane excitability and synaptic plasticity that underlie eyeblink conditioning. We explore the development and role of perineuronal nets and the in vivo and in vitro evidence that manipulations of the perineuronal net in the deep cerebellar nuclei affect eyeblink conditioning. Together, these findings provide evidence of an important role for perineuronal net in learning and memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13030200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1710995686000},"page":"200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Cerebellar Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Perineuronal Nets in Eyeblink Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bernard G.","family":"Schreurs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deidre E.","family":"O\u2019Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pennsylvania Western (PennWest) University, California, PA 15419, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057836","article-title":"Acquisition, extinction, and retention of conditioned responses to light in dogs","volume":"19","author":"Hilgard","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. 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