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(HYDROGEL) containing vancomycin (VAN) against bacterial strains that cause wound infections, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Initially, HYDROGEL was obtained from sugar cane molasses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine morphological characteristics. Then, VAN was incorporated into HYDROGEL (VAN-HYDROGEL). The antibacterial activity of VAN, HYDROGEL, and VAN-HYDROGEL was assessed using the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, S. epidermidis INCQS 00016 (ATCC 12228), five clinical isolates of MRSA, and nine clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of VAN, HYDROGEL, and VAN-HYDROGEL was studied using the time-kill assay. Subsequently, the antibiofilm activity of VAN, HYDROGEL, and VAN-HYDROGEL was evaluated using crystal violet and Congo red methods, as well as SEM analysis. VAN and VAN-HYDROGEL showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against MRSA and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis strains. HYDROGEL did not show any antibacterial activity. Analysis of the time-kill assay indicated that HYDROGEL maintained the antibacterial efficacy of VAN, highlighting its efficiency as a promising carrier. Regarding antibiofilm activity, VAN and HYDROGEL inhibited biofilm formation but did not demonstrate biofilm eradication activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. However, it was observed that the biofilm eradication potential of VAN was enhanced after incorporation into HYDROGEL, a result also proven through images obtained by SEM. From the methods carried out in this study, it was possible to observe that HYDROGEL preserved the antibacterial activity of vancomycin, aside from exhibiting antibiofilm activity and enhancing the antibiofilm effect of VAN. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of HYDROGEL as a candidate and\/or vehicle for antibiotics against MDR bacteria that cause wound infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13050354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T06:53:49Z","timestamp":1715928829000},"page":"354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel Containing Vancomycin against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4779-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Alice Venancio","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Andr\u00e9","family":"de Almeida Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne Lazla Rafael","family":"de Queiroz Mac\u00eado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davi","family":"de Lacerda Coriolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Anndressa Alves","family":"Agreles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Elias","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, FIOCRUZ-PE, Recife 50740-465, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"de Siqueira Ferraz-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lamartine","family":"de Andrade Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Mac\u00e1rio Ferro","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vit\u00f3ria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vit\u00f3ria de Santo Ant\u00e3o 55608-680, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.04.018","article-title":"Bioengineering Considerations in the Prevention of Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcers","volume":"67","author":"Bader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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