{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:08:06Z","timestamp":1781910486020,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH-NHLBI","award":["2R15HL143545-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15HL143545-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eales\u2019 Disease is an idiopathic peripheral retinal vasculopathy first described by British ophthalmologist Henry Eales in 1880. Most prevalent in healthy young males, Eales\u2019 Disease often presents with symptoms of sudden blurry or decreased vision and floaters. Although no clear, standardized stage of the disease exists, it progresses through three overlapping phases\u2014peripheral periphlebitis, ischemic capillary ischemia, and retinal neovascularization. The etiology of Eales\u2019 Disease is unknown and appears to be multifactorial, but post-TB hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein and M. tuberculosis DNA is the most potential cause in the etiology of Eales\u2019 Disease. With a thorough examination of the clinical presentation and diagnosis of Eales\u2019 Disease\u2014incorporating the latest clinical findings related to the condition\u2014the investigation for Eales\u2019 Disease extends to explore recent potential connections with other ocular conditions or possible cofactors, such as glaucoma, uncontrolled diabetes, drug abuse, or inherited medical conditions. Moreover, focusing on critical insights into the treatment of Eales\u2019 Disease across its various stages of progression, the overarching goal of the paper is to refine and suggest possible future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Widening our understanding of pathophysiology and utilizing various treatment options for individual patients holds immense potential for advancing ocular medicine and optimizing patient care for people with this disease with unknown pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13060460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T03:44:49Z","timestamp":1718941489000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Review of Eales\u2019 Disease and Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kailey","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheldon Ann","family":"Alcantara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishwanath","family":"Venketaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00354-0","article-title":"Eales\u2019 disease: Epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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