{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:27:10Z","timestamp":1790872030538,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physiological calcification occurs in bones and epiphyseal cartilage as they grow, whereas ectopic calcification occurs in blood vessels, cartilage, and soft tissues. Although it was formerly thought to be a passive and degenerative process associated with aging, ectopic calcification has been identified as an active cell-mediated process resembling osteogenesis, and an increasing number of studies have provided evidence for this paradigm shift. A significant association between vascular calcification and cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated by various studies, which have shown that arterial calcification has predictive value for future coronary events. With respect to cartilaginous calcification, calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite crystals can form asymptomatic deposits in joints or periarticular tissues, contributing to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, and bursitis. The risk factors and sequence of events that initiate ectopic calcification, as well as the mechanisms that prevent the development of this pathology, are still topics of debate. Consequently, in this review, we focus on the nexus of the mechanisms underlying vascular and cartilaginous calcifications, trying to circumscribe the similarities and disparities between them to provide more clarity in this regard.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13080565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T13:04:59Z","timestamp":1721999099000},"page":"565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Converging Mechanisms of Vascular and Cartilaginous Calcification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1492-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona R.","family":"Gheorghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3703-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Cr\u0103ciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Ily\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Badiu","family":"Tisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics III, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulia","family":"Lupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7645-0716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Samasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0212-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian N.","family":"Silaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-401-8_9","article-title":"Cartilage histomorphometry","volume":"135","author":"Hunziker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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