{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:32:05Z","timestamp":1791426725419,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","award":["R\u00d6-12336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u00d6-12336"]}]},{"name":"County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","award":["R\u00d6-35691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u00d6-35691"]}]},{"name":"County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","award":["2017-02122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-02122"]}]},{"name":"Ingrid Asp foundation, and Link\u00f6ping University LiU","award":["R\u00d6-12336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u00d6-12336"]}]},{"name":"Ingrid Asp foundation, and Link\u00f6ping University LiU","award":["R\u00d6-35691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u00d6-35691"]}]},{"name":"Ingrid Asp foundation, and Link\u00f6ping University LiU","award":["2017-02122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-02122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To demonstrate causation or\/and assess pathogenic mechanisms of environment-induced autoimmunity, various animal models that mimic the characteristics of the human autoimmune diseases need to be developed. Experimental studies in mice reveal the genetic factors that contribute to autoimmune diseases. Here, the immune response of two mouse strains congenic for non-H-2 genes, A.TL (H-2tl) and A.SW (H-2s), was evaluated after 15 weeks\u2019 exposure to gold aurothiomalate (AuTM). AuTM-treated A.TL mice showed anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) with homogenous and\/or fine speckled staining patterns and serum autoantibodies to ds-DNA, chromatin, histones, and ribonucleoproteins (RNP). Female A.TL mice showed a stronger immune response than males, as well as an increase of B cells in their spleen after 15 weeks of gold exposure. A.SW exposed for AuTM showed the induction of anti-nucleolar antibodies (ANoA) with a clumpy staining pattern, as well as an increase in splenic B and T cells. The serum autoantibodies levels in A.SW mice were limited compared to those of A.TL mice. Overall, A.TL presents a stronger immune response after gold exposure than A.SW. The immune response developed in A.TL presents similarities with the clinical manifestations in human autoimmune diseases. Thus, gold-exposed A.TL could constitute a potential experimental mouse model for the study of autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13100812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T03:53:47Z","timestamp":1728618827000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exposure to Gold Induces Autoantibodies against Nuclear Antigens in A.TL Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8735-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Puente-Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Inflammation and Infection (II), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Havarinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology (KKF), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78088","article-title":"Mechanisms of human autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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