{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:59:45Z","timestamp":1792789185267,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are a group of complex diseases characterized by structural and functional malformations during development in the human heart; they represent an important problem for public health worldwide. Within these malformations, septal defects such as ventricular (VSD) and atrial septal defects (ASD) are the most common forms of CHDs. Studies have reported that CHDs are the result of genetic and environmental factors. Here, we review and summarize the role of genetics involved in cardiogenesis and congenital cardiac septal defects. Moreover, treatment regarding these congenital cardiac septal defects is also addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13110911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1730965636000},"page":"911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic Insights into Congenital Cardiac Septal Defects\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5317-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Cervantes-Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nonanzit","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Colmenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1657-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda G.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3042-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Villamil-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel A.","family":"Rosas-Tlaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Calidad y Educaci\u00f3n en Salud, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Mexico City 06600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1400-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego B.","family":"Ortega-Zhind\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda y Doctorado en Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Odontol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"212","article-title":"Changing the paradigm of congenital heart disease: From the anatomy to the molecular etiology","volume":"149","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gac. 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