{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1793833326162,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) are critical enzymes that regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression through the addition and removal of methyl groups on histone proteins. HMTs, such as PRC2 and SETD2, are involved in the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and lysine 36, influencing gene silencing and activation. Dysregulation of these enzymes often leads to abnormal gene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis. In contrast, HDMs including KDM7A and KDM2A reverse these methylation marks, and their dysfunction can drive disease progression. In cancer, the aberrant activity of specific HMTs and HDMs can lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the activation of oncogenes, facilitating tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Conversely, in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), disruptions in histone methylation dynamics are associated with neuronal loss, altered gene expression, and disease progression. We aimed to comprehend the odd activity of HMTs and HDMs and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. By advancing our understanding of these epigenetic regulators, this review provides new insights into their roles in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, offering a foundation for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13121008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T11:48:56Z","timestamp":1733226536000},"page":"1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epigenetic Modifiers: Exploring the Roles of Histone Methyltransferases and Demethylases in Cancer and Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8730-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janak","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shay","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilpa S.","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27988","article-title":"Cancer-epigenetic function of the histone methyltransferase KMT2D and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of KMT2D-deficient tumors","volume":"12","author":"Dhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.11","article-title":"Writing, erasing and reading histone lysine methylations","volume":"49","author":"Hyun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. 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