{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:51:56Z","timestamp":1781211116280,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008055","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Eugenio Rodr\u00edguez Pascual","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FERP2018\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FERP2018\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008055","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Eugenio Rodr\u00edguez Pascual","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UCM-951579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCM-951579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Complutense University of Madrid","award":["FERP2018\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FERP2018\/02"]}]},{"name":"Complutense University of Madrid","award":["UCM-951579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCM-951579"]}]},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC)","award":["FERP2018\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FERP2018\/02"]}]},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC)","award":["UCM-951579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCM-951579"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early life stress (ELS) is associated with an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, and both neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be central to mental health. Herein, using an animal model of ELS, a single episode of maternal deprivation (MD, 24 h on pnd 9) extensively documented to elicit behavioural anomalies in male and female Wistar rats, we investigated its consequences in terms of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampal formation (HCF). MD differentially affected the brain content of cytokines: MD induced a transient increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6) in the PFC, as well as in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the HCF. MD also induced a significant decrease mitochondria citrate synthase activity, but MD did not exert significant changes in mitochondria Complex IV activity, revealing a generalized decrease in mitochondrial density without any change in mitochondrial respiration. In the present study, we demonstrate that MD induces neuroinflammatory processes in specific brain regions. Additional research is needed to better understand the temporal pattern of such changes, their impact on the developing brain, and their participation in the already well-known behavioural consequences of MD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13121011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:47:22Z","timestamp":1733287642000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Consequences of Early Maternal Deprivation on Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Central Nervous System of Male and Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"San Felipe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaoula","family":"Zekri-Nechar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Public Health and Maternal-Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose J.","family":"Zamorano-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Public Health and Maternal-Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva M.","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, C\/Jos\u00e9 Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9291-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meritxell","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.03.002","article-title":"Prospects for the classification of mental disorders in women","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022). Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. 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