{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1791289562081,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral research using murine models spans a broad spectrum of studies, including investigations into oral infections such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis, wound healing, periodontal responses to orthodontic treatment, and occlusal overload. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of murine models employed in oral research, with a particular focus on their relevance in studying systemic implications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objectives of this review are twofold: first, to highlight the diversity of experimental methods utilized in murine oral research, such as ligature placement, bacterial inoculation, surgical interventions, and mechanical manipulations; second, to explore how these models enhance our understanding of oral\u2013systemic interactions. The findings demonstrate that murine models have significantly contributed to uncovering how oral conditions influence systemic health. Models of oral infections reveal pathways linking systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis, while studies on wound healing and mechanical stress offer valuable insights into periodontal tissue responses and regeneration under various conditions. These diverse findings underscore the versatility of murine models in addressing key questions across oral health research. By replicating human disease mechanisms, murine models serve as powerful tools for investigating the interplay between oral health and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. The insights gained from these models guide the development of integrated therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating systemic inflammation and promoting periodontal regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14020127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T03:54:27Z","timestamp":1737950067000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Murine Models in Oral Research: A Narrative Review of Experimental Approaches and Cardiovascular Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Elhaieg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6256-4539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Mandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-1507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elfadadny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-0054, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9948-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryou","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Oral Biofilms, Oral and Periodontal Infections, and Systemic Disease","volume":"26","author":"Maddi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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