{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:18:46Z","timestamp":1778098726376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pregnancy involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) through mechanisms that are poorly understood to date. Furthermore, it is not surprising that EVs may also be involved in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension, two clinical conditions with high morbidity and mortality, given their capacity to mediate intracellular communications and regulate inflammation and angiogenesis. We searched major online scientific search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, WES, Embase, etc.) using the terms \u201cPreeclampsia\u201d, \u201cPregnancy\u201d, \u201cHypertension\u201d, \u201cPregnancy-related hypertension\u201d, \u201cExtracellular vesicles\u201d, \u201cBiomarkers\u201d, \u201cGestation\u201d AND \u201cObstetrics\u201d. Finding potential early biomarkers of risk or illness progression would be essential for the optimum care of expectant mothers with the aforementioned conditions. Nevertheless, none of the various screening assays that have been discovered recently have shown high predictive values. The analysis of EVs in the peripheral blood starting from the first trimester of pregnancy may hold great promise for the possible correlation with gestational hypertension problems and represent a marker of the early stages of the disease. EVs use may be a novel therapeutic approach for the management of various illnesses, as well. In order to define EVs\u2019 function in the physiopathology of pregnancy-associated hypertension and PE, as well as their potential as early biomarkers and therapeutic tools, we have compiled the most recent data in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14030240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T03:37:57Z","timestamp":1740627477000},"page":"240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles and Pregnancy-Related Hypertensive Disorders: A Descriptive Review on the Possible Implications \u201cFrom Bench to Bedside\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Grossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Surico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakthipriyan","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8810-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mostafa","family":"Ola Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Imma","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentino","family":"Remorgida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-022-00965-6","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Definition, management, and out-of-office blood pressure measurement","volume":"45","author":"Metoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertens. 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