{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:06:31Z","timestamp":1776272791199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Palermo","award":["FFR 2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFR 2025"]}]},{"name":"University of Palermo","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"University of Palermo","award":["B73C22000790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B73C22000790001"]}]},{"name":"University of Palermo","award":["CPER MOSOPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPER MOSOPS"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["FFR 2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFR 2025"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["B73C22000790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B73C22000790001"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["CPER MOSOPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPER MOSOPS"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["FFR 2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFR 2025"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["B73C22000790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B73C22000790001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["CPER MOSOPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPER MOSOPS"]}]},{"name":"French State, R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France, INSERM, and A2U Alliance\u2019s Universities","award":["FFR 2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFR 2025"]}]},{"name":"French State, R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France, INSERM, and A2U Alliance\u2019s Universities","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}]},{"name":"French State, R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France, INSERM, and A2U Alliance\u2019s Universities","award":["B73C22000790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B73C22000790001"]}]},{"name":"French State, R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France, INSERM, and A2U Alliance\u2019s Universities","award":["CPER MOSOPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPER MOSOPS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, a Mediterranean seagrass, is rich in bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. While marine-derived molecules are increasingly studied, their direct effects on blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) integrity under inflammatory conditions remain largely unexplored. This study evaluated the ability of aqueous extracts from its green leaves (GLEs) and rhizomes (REs) to protect the BBB using a human in vitro model consisting of brain-like endothelial cells co-cultured with brain pericytes. The model was exposed to TNF\u03b1, with or without GLEs or REs. We assessed NO production, endothelial permeability, expression of IL-6, NLRP3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CLAUDIN-5, and VE-CADHERIN, and the localization of junctional proteins. TNF\u03b1 increased NO and IL-6 release, upregulated ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NLRP3, and impaired BBB integrity by altering junctional protein levels and distribution. Co-treatment with GLEs or REs reduced the production of NO, the expression of NLRP3 and adhesion molecules and restored tight and adherens junction integrity. IL-6 levels remained unaffected. These findings suggest that P. oceanica\u2019s extracts may help preserve BBB function and mitigate inflammation-induced damage. While further studies are needed to assess their bioavailability and in vivo efficacy, these natural compounds represent promising candidates for developing preventive strategies against neuroinflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14060699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1750082591000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protective Effects of Extracts from Green Leaves and Rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood\u2013Brain Barrier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Abruscato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1363-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Boucau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de la Barri\u00e8re H\u00e9mato-Enc\u00e9phalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, F-62300 Lens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Arizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirella","family":"Vazzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Dehouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de la Barri\u00e8re H\u00e9mato-Enc\u00e9phalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, F-62300 Lens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Gosselet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de la Barri\u00e8re H\u00e9mato-Enc\u00e9phalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, F-62300 Lens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Luparello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietra","family":"Candela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de la Barri\u00e8re H\u00e9mato-Enc\u00e9phalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, F-62300 Lens, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Sarkar, T., Pati, S., Kari, Z.A., Edinur, H.A., and Chakraborty, R. 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