{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T02:05:58Z","timestamp":1787364358271,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid expansion of the global population has intensified the demand for protein-rich food sources, positioning aquaculture as a crucial sector in the endeavor to alleviate global hunger through the provision of high-quality aquatic protein. Traditional protein sources such as fishmeal have historically served as the foundation of aquafeeds; however, their elevated costs and limited availability have catalyzed the search for sustainable alternatives. These alternatives encompass plant-based proteins, insect meals, and, more recently, single-cell proteins (SCPs), which are derived from microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and microalgae. Nonetheless, SCP remains in its nascent stages and currently accounts for only a minor fraction of aquafeed formulations relative to other established alternatives. The production of SCP utilizes low-cost substrates, such as agricultural and dairy wastes, thereby supporting waste mitigation and principles of the circular economy. This review elucidates the nutritional value of SCPs, their potential for biofortification, and their emerging roles as functional feeds with immunomodulatory and nutrigenomic effects. Additionally, the review underscores the potential of endophytes as a novel SCP source, highlighting their underutilized capacity to foster sustainable innovations in aquafeeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cellular Solutions: Evaluating Single-Cell Proteins as Sustainable Feed Alternatives in Aquaculture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8453-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korale Kankanamge Dinuka","family":"Chamodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 25, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thanh","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8914-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2857-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiun-Yan","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miladinov, G. (2023). Impacts of Population Growth and Economic Development on Food Security in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. Front. Hum. Dyn., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fhumd.2023.1121662"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024\u2014Blue Transformation in Action, FAO."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO (2024). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024\u2014Financing to End Hunger, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in All Its Forms."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Maravilla, E., Parra, M., Maisey, K., Vargas, R.A., Cabezas-Cruz, A., Gonzalez, A., Tello, M., and Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n, L.G. (2024). Importance of Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture: Towards the Identification and Design of Novel Probiotics. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030626"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000108","article-title":"Seafood: Nutritional Benefits and Risk Aspects","volume":"82","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"60","article-title":"Enhancing Global Food Security through Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"42","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Agric. Ext. Econ. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102228","article-title":"Exploring Sustainable Alternatives in Aquaculture Feed: The Role of Insects","volume":"37","author":"Fantatto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"164","article-title":"A Review on Replacing Fish Meal in Aqua Feeds Using Plant Protein Sources","volume":"6","author":"Daniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100381","article-title":"Alternative Protein Sources in Aquafeed: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Serra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2009.07.027","article-title":"Habitat Expansion and Contraction in Anchovy and Sardine Populations","volume":"83","author":"Barange","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14324","article-title":"Fishmeal Availability in the Scenarios of Climate Change: Inevitability of Fishmeal Replacement in Aquafeeds and Approaches for the Utilization of Plant Protein Sources","volume":"50","author":"Jannathulla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"109","article-title":"Recent Studies Toward the Development of Practical Diets for Shrimp and Their Nutritional Requirements","volume":"24","author":"Ayisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraijo-Valenzuela, A., Arias-Moscoso, J.L., Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez, O.D., Rodriguez-Anaya, L.Z., and Gonzalez-Galaviz, J.R. (2024). The Biotechnological Potential of Crickets as a Sustainable Protein Source for Fishmeal Replacement in Aquafeed. BioTech, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech13040051"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2007.01731.x","article-title":"Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia galilae Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Fingerlings Fed Plant Protein-Based Diets","volume":"38","author":"Mohamed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulcini, D., Capoccioni, F., Franceschini, S., Martinoli, M., and Tibaldi, E. (2020). Skin Pigmentation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Fed Conventional and Novel Protein Sources in Diets Deprived of Fishmeal. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112138"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arag\u00e3o, C., Gon\u00e7alves, A.T., Costas, B., Azeredo, R., Xavier, M.J., and Engrola, S. (2022). Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091211"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160141","article-title":"Gas to Protein: Microbial Single Cell Protein Is an Alternative to Fishmeal in Aquaculture","volume":"859","author":"Woolley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A.G., Fraga-Corral, M., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Otero, P., Soria-Lopez, A., Cassani, L., Cao, H., Xiao, J., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Single-Cell Proteins Obtained by the Circular Economy Intended as a Feed Ingredient in Aquaculture. Food, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11182831"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Garibay, M., Gomez-Ruiz, L., and Barzana, E. (1999). Single-Cell Protein|Yeasts and Bacteria. Encyclo, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1006\/rwfm.1999.1450"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2019.12.026","article-title":"Recent Advances in Single Cell Protein Use as a Feed Ingredient in Aquaculture","volume":"61","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-9750(00)00045-8","article-title":"Value-Added Food: Single Cell Protein","volume":"18","author":"Anupama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baji\u0107, B., Vu\u010durovi\u0107, D., Vasi\u0107, \u0110., Jevti\u0107-Mu\u010dibabi\u0107, R., and Dodi\u0107, S. (2022). Biotechnological Production of Sustainable Microbial Proteins from Agro-Industrial Residues and By-Products. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010107"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"211","article-title":"Single Cell Proteins: A Novel Value Added Food Product","volume":"26","author":"Saeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glencross, B.D., Huyben, D., and Schrama, J.W. (2020). The Application of Single-Cell Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds\u2014A Review. Fishes, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes5030022"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibbetts, S.M. (2018). The Potential for \u2018Next-Generation\u2019, Microalgae-Based Feed Ingredients for Salmonid Aquaculture in Context of the Blue Revolution. Microalgal Biotechnology, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.73551"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.19045\/bspab.2020.90185","article-title":"Single Cell Protein (SCP) Production and Potential Substrates: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"9","author":"Raziq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00299-2","article-title":"Recent Advances and Challenges in Single Cell Protein (SCP) Technologies for Food and Feed Production","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritala, A., H\u00e4kkinen, S.T., Toivari, M., and Wiebe, M.G. (2017). Single Cell Protein\u2014State-of-the-Art, Industrial Landscape and Patents 2001\u20132016. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02009"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"273","article-title":"Single-Cell Protein: Current Status and Future Prospects","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, L., Bogicevic, B., Bolten, C.J., and Wittmann, C. (2024). Single-Cell Protein: Overcoming Technological and Biological Challenges towards Improved Industrialization. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 88.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103171"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cite.330581203","article-title":"Large-Scale Continuous Production of Single Cell Protein","volume":"58","author":"Westlake","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chem. Ing. Tech."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, D., Robson, D.G., and Trinci, A.P.J. (2020). The Quorn Fermentation and Evolution in Fermenters. 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108776387"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banks, M., Johnson, R., Giver, L., Bryant, G., and Guo, M. (2022). Industrial Production of Microbial Protein Products. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 75.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2022.102707"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735885","article-title":"Single Cell Protein: Sources, Mechanism of Production, Nutritional Value and Its Uses in Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"531","author":"Sharif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00498-x","article-title":"Characterization of Single Cell Protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Nutritional, Functional and Antioxidant Properties","volume":"14","author":"Razzaq","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3923\/ajft.2011.103.116","article-title":"Single Cell Protein: Production and Process","volume":"6","author":"Nasseri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.06.013","article-title":"Water Footprint Benchmarks for Crop Production: A First Global Assessment","volume":"46","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104426","article-title":"Bacterial Single Cell Protein (BSCP): A Sustainable Protein Source from Methylobacterium Species","volume":"147","author":"Gundupalli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiviya, P., Gamage, A., Kapilan, R., Merah, O., and Madhujith, T. (2022). Single Cell Protein Production Using Different Fruit Waste: A Review. Separations, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9070178"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"251","article-title":"Single Cell Protein Production: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Suman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2025, January 10). Single Cell Protein Market Size. SkyQuest Report. Available online: https:\/\/www.skyquestt.com\/report\/single-cell-protein-market\/market-size."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2025, January 10). Single-Cell Protein Market Size, Share, Forecast to 2032. Available online: https:\/\/www.factmr.com\/report\/1513\/single-cell-protein-market."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Pulidindi, K., and Ahuja, K. (2023). Single Cell Protein Market\u2014By Source (Bacteria, Yeast, Algae (Chlorella, Spirulina, Haematococcus), Fungi), By Application (Food and Beverages, Animal Feed, Dietary Supplements), Global Market Insights. Available online: https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/ice-maker-market."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101316","article-title":"Utilization of Feed Resources in the Production of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An Update for 2020","volume":"26","author":"Aas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.08.015","article-title":"Global Overview on the Use of Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Industrially Compounded Aquafeeds: Trends and Future Prospects","volume":"285","author":"Tacon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Candida utilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeasts as Protein Sources in Diets for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","volume":"402\u2013403","author":"Karlsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37891-1","article-title":"The Microbial Food Revolution","volume":"14","author":"Graham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Calysta (2025, January 18). Production\u2014FeedKind. Available online: https:\/\/feedkind.com\/production."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, B., He, X., Ge, C., Xue, M., Wang, J., Longshaw, M., Wang, J., and Liang, X. (2022). A Natural Gas Fermentation Bacterial Meal (FeedKind\u00ae) as a Functional Alternative Ingredient for Fishmeal in Diet of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081479"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.02.008","article-title":"Effects of Replacing Fishmeal with Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) Bacteria Meal (FeedKind\u00ae) on Growth and Intestinal Health Status of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735959","article-title":"The Marine Microbial Biomass, Novacq\u2122, a Useful Feed Additive for Postlarvae and Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"530","author":"Rombenso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737235","article-title":"Novacq\u2122 Improves Survival of Penaeus vannamei When Challenged with Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease","volume":"545","author":"Noble","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Aquafeed Media (2025, February 04). KnipBio Meal, First Premium Single Cell Protein Approved by FDA as Aquafeed Ingredient. Aquafeed.com. 5 March 2019. Available online: https:\/\/www.aquafeed.com\/products\/new-products\/knipbio-meal-first-premium-single-cell-protein-approved-by-fda-as-aquafeed-ingredient."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3170","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3170","article-title":"A Transdisciplinary Approach to the Initial Validation of a Single Cell Protein as an Alternative Protein Source for Use in Aquafeeds","volume":"5","author":"Tlusty","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13678","article-title":"Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Methylobacterium extorquens Single-Cell Protein in Feeds for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)","volume":"49","author":"Hardy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101422","article-title":"Developing Sustainable, Cost-Effective and High-Performance Shrimp Feed Formulations Containing Low Fish Meal Levels","volume":"27","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2013.05.001","article-title":"Use of Different Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biotic Forms as Immune-Modulator and Growth Promoter for Oreochromis niloticus Challenged with Some Fish Pathogens","volume":"1","author":"Marzouk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2018.11.001","article-title":"Efficacy of Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Supplementation on the Nutrition and Immune Response of Nile Tilapia","volume":"44","author":"Younis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, Z., Wan, G., Lu, X., Xie, L., Yu, T., and Tang, H. (2024). Metabolic Engineering for Single-Cell Protein Production from Renewable Feedstocks and Its Applications. Adv. Biotechnol., 2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44307-024-00042-8"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.21741\/9781644900178-26","article-title":"Production of Single Cell Protein from Date Waste","volume":"11","author":"Farsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Proc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15826","article-title":"Evaluation of Fungal Single Cell Protein as Aqua Feed on Carcass Analysis and Growth Performance of Cirrhinus reba Fingerlings","volume":"53","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crcon.2023.07.004","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Production of Single Cell Protein from Renewable Resources and Applications","volume":"7","author":"Koukoumaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbon Resour. Convers."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bratosin, B.C., Darjan, S., and Vodnar, D.C. (2021). Single Cell Protein: A Potential Substitute in Human and Animal Nutrition. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13169284"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"2557","article-title":"Replacement of Fish Meal by Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Effects on Digestibility and Blood Parameters for Gilt-Head Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)","volume":"8","author":"Salnur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Dahlberg, A., and Vidakovic, A. (2019). Filamentous Fungus Paecilomyces variotii in Feed for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)\u2014Assessment of Apparent Digestibility and Early Signs of Inflammation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, SLU]. Available online: https:\/\/stud.epsilon.slu.se."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, K., Xiao, Y., Mao, Z., Zhang, D., Liu, C., and Tang, J. (2025, February 07). The Effect of Yeast Protein (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Substitution of Fishmeal on the Growth Performance, Physiological and Biochemical Properties, and Muscle Quality of Hefang Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri\u2640\u00d7Carassius auratus red var\u2642 ). Available online: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=5002295.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5153150"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12915","article-title":"Spent Brewer\u2019s Yeast as a Replacement for Fishmeal in Diets for Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), Reared in Either Clear Water or a Biofloc Environment","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12869","article-title":"Microalgae as Feed Sources and Feed Additives for Sustainable Aquaculture: Prospects and Challenges","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0144-8609(91)90004-4","article-title":"Managing the Dietary Value of Artemia for Larval Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus; the Effect of Enrichment and Distribution Techniques","volume":"10","author":"Gatesoupe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aquac. Eng."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagaram, U.S., Gaikwad, M.S., Nandru, R., and Dasgupta, S. (2021). Microalgae as Feed Ingredients: Recent Developments on Their Role in Immunomodulation and Gut Microbiota of Aquaculture Species. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 368.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnab071"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"15","article-title":"Microorganisms: A Marvelous Source of Single Cell Proteins","volume":"3","author":"Nangul","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13406","article-title":"Short-Term Enrichment of Microalgae with Inorganic Selenium and Zinc and Their Effects on the Mineral Composition of Microalgae and Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis","volume":"27","author":"Ghaderpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417052","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2024.2417052","article-title":"Recent Advancement of Zooplankton Enriched with Nutrients and Probiotic Isolates from Aquaculture Systems: A Review","volume":"52","author":"Ashaari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14357","article-title":"Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Live Feed for Aquaculture: An Overview","volume":"51","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatzopoulou, N., Chaikali, C., Mourkogianni, E., Mikelis, C.M., Andriopoulos, V., Kornaros, M., Augustakis, K., Lamari, F.N., and Hatziantoniou, S. (2024). Encapsulation of Microalgae Tisochrysis lutea Extract in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and Evaluation of Their Sunscreen, Wound Healing, and Skin Hydration Properties. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22110487"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaparapu, J. (2024). Encapsulated Microalgae in Functional Foods. Algal Biotechnology, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003219194-25"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.04.016","article-title":"Use of Bioencapsulated Microalgae in Artemia during Weaning of Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)","volume":"292","author":"Makridis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"197","article-title":"Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Spirulina pacifica in Diets for Parrot Fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus)","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.05.010","article-title":"Effects of the Microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis as Fishmeal Alternative in Diets for Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata, Juveniles","volume":"431","author":"Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.21077\/ijf.2019.66.4.87193-13","article-title":"Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Spirulina Platensis and Chlorella vulgaris and Its Effect on Growth and Body Composition of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)","volume":"66","author":"Raji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Fish."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2023.101553","article-title":"Effects of Spirulina platen Meal as a Feed Additive on Growth Performance and Immunological Response of Gangetic Mystus Mystus cavasius","volume":"30","author":"Mamun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2020.100318","article-title":"Spirulina Powder as a Feed Supplement to Enhance Abalone Growth","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/17450391003691534","article-title":"Evaluation of Methane-Utilising Bacteria Products as Feed Ingredients for Monogastric Animals","volume":"64","author":"Tauson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1021\/es504242n","article-title":"Methane as a Resource: Can the Methanotrophs Add Value?","volume":"49","author":"Strong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imhoff, J.F. (2017). Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria from Extreme Environments. Modern Topics in the Phototrophic Prokaryotes, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46261-5_13"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-018-2043-3","article-title":"Production of Single Cell Protein from Agro-Waste Using Rhodococcus opacus","volume":"45","author":"Mahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.4.739.2002","article-title":"Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology","volume":"66","author":"Lynd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2023.101830","article-title":"Effect of Different Types of Bacterial Single Cell Protein on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Growth and Body Composition of Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","volume":"33","author":"Nederlof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101300","article-title":"Microorganisms in Biofloc Aquaculture System","volume":"26","author":"Khanjani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13322","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13322","article-title":"Oral Delivery of Probiotics Using Single-Cell Encapsulation","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"74","article-title":"An Overview on Bioencapsulation of Live Food Organisms with Probiotics for Better Growth and Survival of Freshwater Fish Juveniles","volume":"5","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Fish. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-023-01164-x","article-title":"Effects of Encapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum on Probiotic Potential and Reducing Lead Toxicity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)","volume":"32","author":"Ahmadmoradi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, A., Ballantyne, R., Chiu, S., and Liu, C. (2023). Microencapsulation of Bacillus subtilis E20 Probiotic, a Promising Approach for the Enrichment of Intestinal Microbiome in White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Fishes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8050264"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741051","article-title":"Synbiotic Encapsulation against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Whiteleg Shrimps","volume":"590","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103270","article-title":"Single-Cell Encapsulation Systems for Probiotic Delivery: Armor Probiotics","volume":"332","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739861","article-title":"Single Cell Protein from Methanotrophic Bacteria as an Alternative Healthy and Functional Protein Source in Aquafeeds, a Holistic Approach in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles","volume":"576","author":"Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115549","article-title":"Evaluation of Single Cell Protein on the Growth Performance, Digestibility and Immune Gene Expression of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei","volume":"296","author":"Felix","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738757","article-title":"Biofloc: A Sustainable Dietary Supplement, Nutritional Value and Functional Properties","volume":"562","author":"Khanjani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emerenciano, M.G.C., Rombenso, A.N., Vieira, F.D.N., Martins, M.A., Coman, G.J., Truong, H.H., Noble, T.H., and Simon, C.J. (2022). Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030236"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pimentel, M.R., Molina, G., Dion\u00edsio, A.P., Mar\u00f3stica, M.R., and Pastore, G.M. (2011). The Use of Endophytes to Obtain Bioactive Compounds and Their Application in Biotransformation Process. Biotechnol. Res. Int., 2011.","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/576286"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouda, S., Das, G., Sen, S.K., Shin, H.S., and Patra, J.K. (2016). Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01538"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"88","article-title":"Endophytes from Marine Macroalgae: Promising Sources of Novel Natural Products","volume":"109","author":"Flewelling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch, Y., Gur, L., Berman Frank, I., and Ezra, D. (2021). Endophytes from Algae, a Potential Source for New Biologically Active Metabolites for Disease Management in Aquaculture. Front. Mar. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.636636"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00050-14","article-title":"The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes","volume":"79","author":"Hardoim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Chaturvedi, P., Kulkarni, M.G., and Van Staden, J. (2020). A Critical Review on Exploiting the Pharmaceutical Potential of Plant Endophytic Fungi. Biotechnol. Adv., 39.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.107462"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogofure, A.G., Pelo, S.P., and Green, E. (2024). Identification and Assessment of Secondary Metabolites from Three Fungal Endophytes of Solanum mauritianum Against Public Health Pathogens. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204924"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms3040588","article-title":"Bioprotective Role of Yeasts","volume":"3","author":"Muccilli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalska, J., Krzymi\u0144ska, J., and Tyburski, J. (2022). Yeasts as a Potential Biological Agent in Plant Disease Protection and Yield Improvement\u2014A Short Review. Agriculture, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12091404"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00918.x","article-title":"Bacterial Endophytes: Recent Developments and Applications","volume":"278","author":"Ryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"267","article-title":"Endophytic Actinobacteria of Medicinal Plants: Diversity and Bioactivity Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek","volume":"108","author":"Golinska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"106","article-title":"Endophytic Actinomycetes as Emerging Source for Therapeutic Compounds","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indo Glob. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2009.11.009","article-title":"Recent Developments and Future Prospects of Antimicrobial Metabolites Produced by Endophytes","volume":"165","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5943\/mycosphere\/7\/2\/5","article-title":"Endophytic Fungi Associated with Bamboo as Possible Sources of Single Cell Protein Using Corn Cob as a Substrate","volume":"7","author":"Paynor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycosphere"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"68","article-title":"Single Cell Protein Potential of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Bamboo Using Rice Bran as Substrate","volume":"7","author":"Valentino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.10.008","article-title":"2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF): Antimicrobial Compound with Cell Cycle Arrest in Nosocomial Pathogens","volume":"80","author":"Sung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2010.00942.x","article-title":"Monitoring the Plant Epiphyte Methylobacterium extorquens DSM 21961 by Real-Time PCR and Its Influence on the Strawberry Flavor","volume":"74","author":"Verginer","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Dourado, M.N., Bogas, A.C., Pomini, A.M., Andreote, F.D., Quecine, M.C., Marsaioli, A.J., and Ara\u00fajo, W.L. (2025, February 28). Methylobacterium\u2014Plant Interaction Genes Regulated by Plant Exudate and Quorum Sensing Molecules. Available online: www.sbmicrobiologia.org.br."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"396","article-title":"Single Cell Proteins: As Nutritional Enhancer","volume":"2","author":"Adedayo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.04.001","article-title":"Nutritional Evaluation of Single-Cell Protein Produced by Aphanothece microscopica N\u00e4geli","volume":"101","author":"Zepka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Batt, C.A., and Tortorello, M.L. (2014). Single Cell Protein: The Algae. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Ugalde, U.O., and Castrillo, J.I. (2002). Agriculture and Food Production. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology, Elsevier. Available online: http:\/\/www.bpfoods.com."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12507","article-title":"Yeast as Major Protein-Rich Ingredient in Aquafeeds: A Review of the Implications for Aquaculture Production","volume":"13","author":"Agboola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquacult."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Liu, L., and Zhang, D. (2021). Microbial Cell Factories for Green Production of Vitamins. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.661562"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-16202012000300003","article-title":"Effect of the Type of Substrate on the Chemical Composition and Productivity of a Protein Concentrate of Yeast Origin","volume":"39","author":"Arias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cienc. Investig. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"32","article-title":"Nurturing Natures Harvest: Biofortifying Seaweed for Health and Nutrition","volume":"1","author":"Jeevitha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chron. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111387","article-title":"Growth Performance, Bioavailability of Toxic and Essential Elements and Nutrients, and Biofortification of Iodine of Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) Fed Blends with Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima)","volume":"141","author":"Granby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A., Marmelo, I., Dias, M., Silva, A.C., Grade, A.C., Barata, M., Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira, P., Dias, J., Anacleto, P., and Marques, A. (2024). Asparagopsis taxiformis as a Novel Antioxidant Ingredient for Climate-Smart Aquaculture: Antioxidant, Metabolic and Digestive Modulation in Juvenile White Seabream (Diplodus sargus) Exposed to a Marine Heatwave. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13080949"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marmelo, I., Dias, M., Grade, A., Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira, P., Diniz, M.S., Marques, A., and Maulvault, A.L. (2024). Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Functional Aquafeeds Biofortified with Whole Laminaria digitata in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Front. Mar. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1325244"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, M., Ribeiro, P.C., Ribeiro, L., Barata, M., Domingues, V.F., Sousa, S., Soares, C., Marques, A., Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira, P., and Dias, J. (2022). Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.812884"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133780","article-title":"Physicochemical Properties of Iodine and Selenium Biofortified Sparus aurata and Cyprinus carpio During Frozen Storage","volume":"397","author":"Barbosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-024-01340-7","article-title":"Selenized Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts and Their Potential Use in Fish Feed","volume":"50","author":"Dantagnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-024-09706-2","article-title":"Optimization Strategies for Enhanced Production of Single Cell Protein: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Rajput","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagar, P.R., Raol, G.G., Prajapati, D., Kapdi, D., and Kiri, B. (2024). Enhanced Productivity of Nutrient-Rich Single Cell Protein from Paradendryphiella arenariae PG1 Through Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste: A Green Symphony from Waste-to-Protein Approach. Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 26.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2024.101884"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grama, S.B., Liu, Z., and Li, J. (2022). Emerging Trends in Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Commercial Applications. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20050285"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Kang, K., Pathania, R., Saxton, L., Saucedo, B., Malik, A., Torres-Tiji, Y., Diaz, C.J., Molino, J.V.D., and Mayfield, S.P. (2024). Harnessing Genetic Engineering to Drive Economic Bioproduct Production in Algae. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1350722"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-06116-5","article-title":"Genetically Engineered Microalgae for Enhanced Bioactive Compounds","volume":"6","author":"Kamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22807","article-title":"Inhibition of Starch Synthesis Results in Overproduction of Lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5382","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01026","article-title":"Overexpression of Malonyl-CoA: ACP Transacylase in Schizochytrium sp. to Improve Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"But, S.Y., Suleimanov, R.Z., Oshkin, I.Y., Rozova, O.N., Mustakhimov, I.I., Pimenov, N.V., Dedysh, S.N., and Khmelenina, V.N. (2024). New Solutions in Single-Cell Protein Production from Methane: Construction of Glycogen-Deficient Mutants of Methylococcus capsulatus MIR. Fermentation, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10050265"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119627","article-title":"Production of Single Cell Protein Rich in Potassium by Nectaromyces ratti Using Biogas Slurry and Molasses","volume":"350","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"502","article-title":"Modeling and Simulation of Single Cell Protein Production","volume":"43","author":"Olsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esakkimuthu, S., Siddiqui, S.A., Cherif, M., and Saadaoui, I. (2023). Exploring Strategies to Enhance Microalgae Nutritional Quality for Functional Poultry-Sourced Food Products. Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 25.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2023.101746"},{"key":"ref_143","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Chen, G., and Zhang, L. (2021). Epigenetic Regulation in Algae: Implications for Growth, Development, and Stress Response. Front. Plant Sci., 12."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.04.069","article-title":"Mixed Culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida krusei for Single-Cell Protein Production and Organic Load Removal from Whey","volume":"164","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5897\/BMBR2014.0223","article-title":"Co-culture: A Great Promising Method in Single Cell Protein Production","volume":"9","author":"Asmamaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"5648","article-title":"Bioconversion of Rape Straw into a Nutritionally Enriched Substrate by Ganoderma lucidum and Yeast","volume":"10","author":"Ke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00357577","article-title":"Protein Enrichment of Apple Pomace by Co-culture of Cellulolytic Moulds and Yeasts","volume":"10","author":"Bhalla","year":"1994","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.01.032","article-title":"Simultaneous Treatment and Single Cell Protein Production from Agri-industrial Wastewaters Using Purple Phototrophic Bacteria or Microalgae\u2014A Comparison","volume":"254","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, M.A. (2022). Novel Protein Sources: An Overview of Food Regulations. Alternative Proteins, CRC.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429299834-14"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.11.022","article-title":"A Simple Method to Obtain Endophytic Microorganisms from Field-collected Roots","volume":"40","author":"Silvani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emanuel, L. (2012). Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from the Leaves of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Braz. J. Microbiol., 1562\u20131575. Available online: http:\/\/blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/blast\/Blast.cgi.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822012000400041"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01599.x","article-title":"Microorganisms as an Alternative Source of Protein","volume":"55","author":"Kuhad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.015","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts of PDO Tuscan Bread Sourdough by Culture Dependent and Independent Methods","volume":"250","author":"Palla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2019.12.027","article-title":"Combining Omics Technologies with CRISPR-Based Genome Editing to Study Food Microbes","volume":"61","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ukaegbu-Obi, K. (2016). Single Cell Protein: A Resort to Global Protein Challenge and Waste Management. J. Microbiol. Microb. Technol., 1, Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/318947586.","DOI":"10.13188\/2474-4530.1000006"},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"407","article-title":"Production of Food Grade Yeasts","volume":"44","author":"Bekatorou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01788","article-title":"Comparison of Protein Extracts from Various Unicellular Green Sources","volume":"65","author":"Teuling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4038\/jnsfsr.v28i1.2936","article-title":"Characteristics of Two Yeast Strains (Candida tropicalis) Isolated from Caryota urens (Kithul) Toddy for Single Cell Protein Production","volume":"28","author":"Wijeyaratne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Natl. Sci. Found. Sri Lanka"},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutrigenomics and Fish","volume":"15","author":"Mohanty","year":"2020","journal-title":"CABI Rev."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-007-0022-9","article-title":"From Nutrigenomics to Personalised Nutrition","volume":"2","author":"Palou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etekochay, M.O., Muraleedharan, D., Majumdar, S., and Nsengiyumva, M. (2024). Advancing Precision Nutrition in Endometriosis Care: The Role of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics. Acad. Med. Surg.","DOI":"10.62186\/001c.124784"},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"1205","article-title":"A Recent Review on Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Current Approaches and Future Endeavors","volume":"2","author":"Shakoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemp. J. Soc. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"Christie, J. (2025, March 25). How to Use Nutrigenomics Testing to Personalize Your Patient\u2019s Optimal Diet. Nutrition. Available online: https:\/\/www.rupahealth.com\/post\/nutrigenomics."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.01.001","article-title":"Nutrigenomics: From Molecular Nutrition to Prevention of Disease","volume":"106","author":"Afman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Bab, A.F.F., Saghir, S.A.M., El-Naser, I.A.A., El-Kheir, S.M.M.A., Abdel-Kader, M.F., Alruhaimi, R.S., Alqhtani, H.A., Mahmoud, A.M., Naiel, M.A.E., and El-Raghi, A.A. (2022). The Effect of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Growth Performance, Oxidative Status, and Immune Response of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata). Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12071013"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(02)00687-X","article-title":"Heat Shock Protein Genes and Their Functional Significance in Fish","volume":"295","author":"Basu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.2.306S","article-title":"Nutritional and Developmental Roles of Insulin-like Growth Factors between Species. Nutritional and Developmental Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factors in Fish","volume":"128","author":"Duan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2003.09.005","article-title":"The Molecular Evolution of the Interleukin-1 Family of Cytokines; IL-18 in Teleost Fish","volume":"28","author":"Huising","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.02.011","article-title":"Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Interleukin-1\u03b2 in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole Cynoglossus semilaevis","volume":"146","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200821","article-title":"Protective Role of Commensals Against Clostridium difficile Infection via an IL-1\u03b2\u2013Mediated Positive-Feedback Loop","volume":"189","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos, H.J., Lanteri, M.C., Blahnik, G., Negash, A., Suthar, M.S., Brassil, M.M., Sodhi, K., Treuting, P.M., Busch, M.P., and Norris, P.J. (2012). IL-1\u03b2 Signaling Promotes CNS-Intrinsic Immune Control of West Nile Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003039"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2012.01341.x","article-title":"Differential Expression Profiling of Orange-Spotted Grouper Larvae, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton), that Survived a Betanodavirus Outbreak","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01803-x","article-title":"Effects of Diets Formulated with Different Combinations of Novel Feed Ingredients on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Digestive Enzymes and Gene Expression Activities of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei","volume":"33","author":"Rajalakshmi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/37.6.491","article-title":"The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and Its Biological Actions in Fish","volume":"37","author":"Duan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.26.338","article-title":"Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on Non-Specific Immune Functions in Rainbow Trout","volume":"26","author":"Yada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franz, A.C., Faass, O., Kollner, B., Shved, N., Link, K., Casanova, A., Wenger, M., D\u2019cotta, H., Baroiller, J.F., and Ullrich, O. (2016). Endocrine and Local IGF-I in the Bony Fish Immune System. Biology, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology5010009"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103884","article-title":"The Involvement of TNF-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b2 as Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lymphocyte-Mediated Adaptive Immunity of Nile Tilapia by Initiating Apoptosis","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-012-9670-9","article-title":"Enrichment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Diet with Microalgae: Effects on the Immune System","volume":"38","author":"Cerezuela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-019-0608-3","article-title":"The Effect of Spirulina platensis Meal on Antioxidant Gene Expression, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Peroxidation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"45","author":"Teimouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739795","article-title":"Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) Bacteria Meal Alleviates Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis in Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) by Modulating Immune Responses and the Intestinal Flora","volume":"575","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukry, M., El-Kader, M.F.A., Hendam, B.M., Dawood, M.A.O., Farrag, F.A., Aboelenin, S.M., Soliman, M.M., and Abdel-Latif, H.M.R. (2021). Dietary Aspergillus oryzae Modulates Serum Biochemical Indices, Immune Responses, Oxidative Stress, and Transcription of HSP70 and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia Exposed to Salinity Stress. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061621"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734669","article-title":"Probiotic Effects of Aspergillus oryzae on the Oxidative Status, Heat Shock Protein, and Immune Related Gene Expression of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Hypoxia Challenge","volume":"520","author":"Dawood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1140557","article-title":"The Glucan Components of the Cell Wall of Baker\u2019s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Considered in Relation to Its Ultrastructure","volume":"114","author":"Bacon","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-94-1-180","article-title":"Isolation and Composition of an Alkali-Soluble Glucan from the Cell Walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"94","author":"Fleet","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00577-4","article-title":"Dietary Nucleotides: A Novel Supplement in Fish Feeds","volume":"199","author":"Burrells","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.045","article-title":"Dietary Modulation of Immune Function by \u03b2-Glucans","volume":"94","author":"Volman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108573","article-title":"In-Vivo Analysis of ProtecTM and \u03b2-Glucan Supplementation on Innate Immune Performance and Intestinal Health of Rainbow Trout","volume":"134","author":"Porter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(94)00045-H","article-title":"Yeast Beta-Glucan Stimulates Respiratory Burst Activity of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Macrophages","volume":"19","author":"Robertsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(93)90004-A","article-title":"Recognition of Yeast Cell Wall Glucan by Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Engstad","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.04.005","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Yeast Cell Wall \u03b2-Glucans and MOS on Performance, Gut Health, and Salmon Lice Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Sunflower and Soybean Meal","volume":"305","author":"Refstie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-007-9096-z","article-title":"Effect of a Mannan Oligosaccharide on the Growth Performance and Immune Status of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"15","author":"Staykov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2012.01384.x","article-title":"Effects on Mortality and Stress Response in European Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), Fed Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS) After Vibrio anguillarum Exposure","volume":"35","author":"Torrecillas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.12.029","article-title":"Improved Health and Growth of Fish Fed Mannan Oligosaccharides: Potential Mode of Action","volume":"36","author":"Torrecillas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.1993.1026","article-title":"Effect of a Yeast-Cell-Wall Glucan on the Bactericidal Activity of Rainbow Trout Macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Sharp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109885","article-title":"ProtecTM Improves Innate Immune Response and Specific Antibody Response Against Lactococcus garvieae in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"213","author":"Bulfon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13004","article-title":"Growth and Immune Response of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) Postlarvae Fed Diets Containing Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck)","volume":"48","author":"Maliwat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquacult. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.10.028","article-title":"Study on Schizochytrium sp. Improving the Growth Performance and Non-Specific Immunity of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) While Not Affecting the Antioxidant Capacity","volume":"95","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2003.07.004","article-title":"Glucan Receptor but Not Mannose Receptor Is Involved in the Phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Blood Leucocytes","volume":"16","author":"Esteban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2015.1052365","article-title":"Prebiotics and Fish Immune Response: A Review of Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Hoseinifar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, H., Li, Y., Li, M., Zhou, W., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Ran, C., and Zhou, Z. (2022). The Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Yeast \u03b2-Glucan on Antiviral Resistance of Zebrafish Against Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Infection. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1031962"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2013.820248","article-title":"Baker\u2019s Yeast Beta Glucan Supplementation Increases Salivary IgA and Decreases Cold\/Flu Symptomatic Days After Intense Exercise","volume":"10","author":"McFarlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2015.14","article-title":"Metabolism, Health and Fillet Nutritional Quality in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Diets Containing n-3-Rich Microalgae","volume":"4","author":"Kousoulaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12980","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Nannochloropsis sp. Powder and Lipids on the Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Larval and Postlarval Kuruma Shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"26","author":"Adissin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquacult. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2012.03100.x","article-title":"Enhancing the Growth of Nile Tilapia Larvae\/Juveniles by Replacing Plant (Gluten) Protein with Algae Protein","volume":"44","author":"Hussein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquacult. Res."},{"key":"ref_205","unstructured":"Sirakov, I., Velichkova, K., and Nikolov, G. (2012). The Effect of Algae Meal (Spirulina) on the Growth Performance and Carcass Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. BioSci. Biotechnol., 151\u2013156."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.11.026","article-title":"Nutritional Contribution of Torula Yeast and Fish Meal to the Growth of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei as Indicated by Natural Nitrogen Stable Isotopes","volume":"453","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.11.052","article-title":"Microbial Biomass (Novacq\u2122) Stimulates Feeding and Improves the Growth Performance on Extruded Low to Zero-Fishmeal Diets in Tilapia (GIFT Strain)","volume":"501","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13080","article-title":"Effects of Low-Level Dietary Microalgae Supplementation on the Distal Intestinal Microbiome of Farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","volume":"48","author":"Lyons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13261","article-title":"Yeast Culture Dietary Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbiota, Growth and Biochemical Parameters of Grass Carp","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Li, Y., Ren, T., Gao, Q., Yin, L., Liang, Y., and Liu, H. (2024). Effects of Yeast Extract Supplemented in Diet on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Intestinal Histology, and the Antioxidant Capacity of the Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Front. Physiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1329721"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.128900","article-title":"Bacteria Grown on Natural Gas Prevent Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis in Atlantic Salmon","volume":"141","author":"Romarheim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740905","article-title":"Paecilomyces variotii (PEKILO\u00ae) in Novel Feeds for Atlantic Salmon: Effects on Pellet Quality, Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Nutrient Digestibility and Utilization","volume":"589","author":"Hooft","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.05.032","article-title":"Improved Growth and Nutrient Utilisation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Diets Containing a Bacterial Protein Meal","volume":"259","author":"Aas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0383-6","article-title":"The Potential of Microalgae Meal as an Ingredient in the Diets of Early Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"27","author":"Basri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00777-3","article-title":"Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Brewer\u2019s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Diets for Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles","volume":"202","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2109.1998.29100709.x","article-title":"Effect of the Use of the Microalga Spirulina maxima as Fish Meal Replacement in Diets for Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), Fry","volume":"29","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12280","article-title":"Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Brewer\u2019s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the Diets of Thai Panga (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus \u00d7 Pangasius bocourti)","volume":"22","author":"Pongpet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(80)90017-4","article-title":"Influence of Bacterial Protein Incorporation and of Sulphur Amino Acid Supplementation to Such Diets on Growth of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdnerii Richardson","volume":"19","author":"Kaushik","year":"1980","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736801","article-title":"Replacement of Fish Meal with Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) Bacteria Meal in the Diets of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","volume":"541","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertini, A., Natale, S., Gisbert, E., Andr\u00e9e, K.B., Concu, D., Dondi, F., De Cesare, A., Indio, V., Gatta, P.P., and Bonaldo, A. (2023). Exploring the Application of Corynebacterium glutamicum Single Cell Protein in the Diet of Flathead Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Effects on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes Activity and Gut Microbiota. Front. Mar. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1172505"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.09.047","article-title":"Cell Wall Disruption Increases Bioavailability of Nannochloropsis gaditana Nutrients for Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"499","author":"Teuling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.12.168","article-title":"Recycling of Orange Waste for Single Cell Protein Production and the Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Production Quality","volume":"213","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.08.018","article-title":"Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Energy, Essential Amino Acids and Fatty Acids of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Diets Containing Whole-Cell or Cell-Ruptured Chlorella vulgaris Meals at Five Dietary Inclusion Levels","volume":"481","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquaculture"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/14\/7\/764\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:58:38Z","timestamp":1760032718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/14\/7\/764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":223,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biology14070764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14070764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}