{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:00:05Z","timestamp":1789722005325,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan","award":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan","award":["2022YJ09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YJ09"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan","award":["32172950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172950"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan","award":["2023QN01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN01"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Funds of CAFS","award":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Funds of CAFS","award":["2022YJ09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YJ09"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Funds of CAFS","award":["32172950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172950"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Funds of CAFS","award":["2023QN01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN01"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YJ09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YJ09"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172950"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023QN01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN01"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources of China","award":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022XDNY350"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources of China","award":["2022YJ09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YJ09"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources of China","award":["32172950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172950"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources of China","award":["2023QN01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seahorse (Hippocampus spp.) is popular in the markets of traditional Chinese medicine, aquarium, and curio. In order to protect wild stocks and still meet the market demand, China attempted the large-scale cultivation of seahorses in the early 21st century and achieved it in the 2010s. However, in recent years, two new issues have gradually emerged in Chinese seahorse cultivation. One is that the juveniles are prone to disease during diet conversion, and the other is that the reproductive performance of broodstocks is significantly reduced. With the aim to provide some measures that can alleviate these issues, in the present study, we used lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus, a species widely cultured in China) as the experimental subject and Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) as the immunostimulant to test whether APSs could improve the immune-health status and reproductive performance of seahorses. The measured indices for reproductive performance included ovarian lipid content, assessment time required before mating for paired male and female seahorses, mating success rate, brood size, and newborn body height. The results showed that for juveniles during diet conversion, their body weight, survival rate, plasma immunocytokine contents (interleukin-2, interferon-\u03b1, and immunoglobulin M), and alpha diversity indices (Simpson and Pielou\u2019s-e) of the intestinal microbiota were significantly higher than those of the control group after dietary APSs. For broodstocks, compared with the control group, the expression of lipid substances in the ovary was significantly upregulated, the assessment time was significantly shortened, and the body height of their newborns was significantly increased in the APS group. These results demonstrate that APSs could indeed improve the immune-health status and reproductive performance of seahorses, providing guidance for addressing existing issues in seahorse cultivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dietary Astragalus Polysaccharides Can Improve the Immune Capacity and Reproductive Performance of the Lined Seahorse (Hippocampus erectus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3482-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"Wenchang Innovation Research Center, Fengjiawan Modern Fishery Industry Park, Wenchang 571300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beihai 536000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"},{"name":"Wenchang Innovation Research Center, Fengjiawan Modern Fishery Industry Park, Wenchang 571300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keji","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-Alkaline Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.11.010","article-title":"A global review of seahorse aquaculture","volume":"302","author":"Koldewey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2017.10.031","article-title":"Assessing the changes in international trade of marine fishes under CITES regulations\u2014A case study of seahorses","volume":"88","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. 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