{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:28:47Z","timestamp":1787509727676,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FIU","award":["385446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["385446"]}]},{"name":"FIU","award":["338617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338617"]}]},{"name":"FIU","award":["R01 NS061975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS061975"]}]},{"name":"FIU","award":["R01 NS110707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS110707"]}]},{"name":"FIU","award":["HT9425-25-1-0376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-25-1-0376"]}]},{"name":"Craig H. 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The development of hypoimmunogenic, universal cells that could be transplanted to any recipient without requiring a matching donor could significantly enhance their therapeutic potential and accelerate clinical translation. To create off-the-shelf hypoimmunogenic cells, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to delete B2M (HLA class I) and CIITA (master regulator of HLA class II). Double-knockout (DKO) iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) evaded T-cell-mediated immune rejection in vitro and after grafting into the injured spinal cord of athymic rats and humanized mice. However, loss of HLA class I heightened susceptibility to host natural killer (NK) cell attack, limiting graft survival. To counter this negative effect, we engineered DKO NPCs to overexpress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an NK cell checkpoint ligand. MIF expression markedly reduced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and improved long-term engraftment and integration of NPCs in the animal models for spinal cord injury. These findings demonstrate that MIF overexpression, combined with concurrent B2M and CIITA deletion, generates hiPSC neural derivatives that escape both T- and NK-cell surveillance. This strategy provides a scalable route to universal donor cells for regenerative therapies in SCI and potentially other disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1751366708000},"page":"791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Suppresses Natural Killer Cell Response and Promotes Hypoimmunogenic Stem Cell Engraftment Following Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shenglan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Perez Bouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"},{"name":"Biomedical Science PhD Program, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"},{"name":"Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xugang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"},{"name":"Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianmin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RxCell Inc., Novato, CA 94945, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi Lin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA"},{"name":"Biomedical Science PhD Program, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"},{"name":"Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vivian L. 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