{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:25Z","timestamp":1760060185398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand","award":["2-(2)\/2563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-(2)\/2563"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["2-(2)\/2563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-(2)\/2563"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Fund of Khon Kean University","award":["2-(2)\/2563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-(2)\/2563"]}]},{"name":"National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["2-(2)\/2563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-(2)\/2563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens has become a serious health concern, creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Among the compounds explored, AMPs have emerged as promising candidates due to their broad-spectrum activity and low propensity for resistance development. However, their clinical implementation is limited by improper size, in vivo instability, and toxicity. Here, we designed short analogs of CeHS-1 via (1) truncation of intact CeHS-1, (2) amino acid substitution, (3) end-tagging, and (4) C-terminal amidation. The results showed that short analogs fused with an RWW stretch exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the parent analogs, without inducing hemolysis in human red blood cells. Among the tested AMPs, mechanistic studies revealed membrane-disruptive activity of certain peptides against Staphylococcus aureus. In silico analyses also suggested that the analogs bind DNA by aligning parallel to its grooves, where the RWW stretch is believed to contribute to interactions between arginine and tryptophan residues and nitrogenous bases through electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. The short CeHS-1 analogs established here may serve as potential alternative antimicrobial agents, which should be tested in clinical trials in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14081044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:53:27Z","timestamp":1755100407000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["C-Terminal Modification Contributes the Antibacterial Activity of a Cecropin-like Region of Heteroscorpine-1 from Scorpion Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yutthakan","family":"Saengkun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anuwatchakij","family":"Klamrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyapon","family":"Janpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaikh Shahinur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1213-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Erviana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawan","family":"Puangmalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Pharma Herbs Co., Ltd., 67\/3 M.5, Tha Raeng, Ban Laem 76110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2071-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisachon","family":"Jangpromma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jureerut","family":"Daduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2672-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakda","family":"Daduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jringjai","family":"Areemit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Design Methods for Antimicrobial Peptides with Improved Performance","volume":"44","author":"Mwangi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zool. 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