{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:43:56Z","timestamp":1760060636884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010438","name":"young researchers\u2014doctoral students (Poznan University of Medical Sciences)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SDUM-GB19\/03\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDUM-GB19\/03\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D plays a key role in pregnancy beyond calcium\u2013phosphate regulation, modulating immune responses and glucose metabolism via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Placental expression may be altered in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to assess placental VDR expression in GDM and evaluate its association with maternal vitamin D levels and clinical parameters. VDR expression in the placental tissue of 53 women with GDM and 26 healthy controls was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, body mass index, weight gain, neonatal outcomes, and other variables were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. VDR expression was significantly higher in the GDM group compared to controls (p = 0.0297 for mean, p = 0.0378 for median). No significant differences were observed in serum 25(OH)D concentrations between groups. Stepwise regression revealed that diabetes was the only independent predictor of VDR expression. Within the GDM subgroup, VDR expression was not associated with any clinical parameters, including maternal vitamin D status. Upregulated placental VDR in GDM may represent an adaptive response to metabolic stress. These findings suggest complex regulation of vitamin D signalling in diabetic pregnancies, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:37:39Z","timestamp":1758530259000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upregulation of Placental Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Gestational Diabetes Is Not Directly Related to Vitamin D Concentration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6554-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Walkowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna Str. 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska Street 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0257-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Jamka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27\/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4718-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"de Mezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5838-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017burawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Gutaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna Str. 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wender-O\u017cegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Chair of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna Str. 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes-Barr\u00eda, H., Aguilera-Egu\u00eda, R., Flores-Fern\u00e1ndez, C., Angarita-Davila, L., Rojas-G\u00f3mez, D., Alarc\u00f3n-Rivera, M., L\u00f3pez-Soto, O., and Maureira-S\u00e1nchez, J. 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Nutrients, 15.","key":"ref_32","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194288"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/14\/9\/1300\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:46:28Z","timestamp":1760035588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/14\/9\/1300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biology14091300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14091300","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-7737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]}}}