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The effects of stress responses in different species of carp in shallow-water environments remain poorly understood, particularly with fluctuating water levels where real-time monitoring is challenging. This study employed a glucose biosensor system enabling real-time monitoring, together with biochemical analysis techniques capable of evaluating multiple physiological indicators, to investigate shallow-water adaptation in Qingtian paddy field carp and Xingguo red carp. Our results quantitatively reveal, for the first time, the differing physiological stress thresholds of the two carp strains under shallow water. The Qingtian paddy field carp exhibited a higher tolerance to shallow water and showed faster recovery from prolonged stress. Furthermore, the total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of Qingtian paddy field carp gradually increased with prolonged shallow-water stress, reflecting the activation of lipid metabolic pathways. These findings highlight the advantages of biosensor technology in aquatic stress research and a strong support of the core element of paddy domesticated carp in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:37:39Z","timestamp":1758530259000},"page":"1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biosensor-Based Comparison of Stress Responses in Qingtian Paddy Field Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. qingtianensis) and Xingguo Red Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis) Under Acute Shallow Water Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5238-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qigen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135813","article-title":"The Evolution of Animal Domestication","volume":"45","author":"Larson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. 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