{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:47:49Z","timestamp":1791582469533,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Unique Scientific Installation (USI) under the National Technological Initiative of the Russian Federation","award":["3662433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3662433"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most common diseases in aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses. This study comprehensively investigated the dynamics of pathophysiological and histopathological disorders in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the moderately virulent strain A. salmonicida SL0n. Whole-genome analysis showed that strain SL0n belongs to the A. salmonicida species complex, possessing a single circular chromosome. The genome encodes a wide range of virulence factors, including adhesion systems (type IV pili, fimbriae), toxins (aerolysin, hemolysins), and a type II secretion system (T2SS), but notably lacks plasmids and a type III secretion system (T3SS). This genomic profile likely dictates a pathogenic mechanism reliant on secreted exotoxins (via T2SS), explaining the observed systemic cytotoxic damage. In an acute experiment, the 4-day LD50 was determined to be 1.63 \u00d7 106 CFU\/fish. In a prolonged experiment, fish were injected with a sublethal dose (1.22 \u00d7 106 CFU\/fish\u201475% of LD50). The disease progressed through three consecutive stages. The early stage (1\u20132 DPI) was characterized by maximal bacterial load and activation of nonspecific immunity. The acute stage (4 DPI) manifested as severe septicemia and anemia, associated with systemic organ damage, which correlated with peak AST and ALT enzyme activity. The recovery stage (6 DPI) was marked by partial regression of inflammation, key biochemical and histological parameters indicated persistent liver and kidney dysfunction, signifying an incomplete recovery. These results demonstrate the pathogenesis of acute furunculosis and reveal that the genomic profile of the SL0n strain causes a sequential, systemic infection characterized by severe organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14101330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T14:50:38Z","timestamp":1758898238000},"page":"1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamics of Pathomorphological and Pathophysiological Alterations in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) During Acute Aeromonas salmonicida Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1715-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Nikiforov-Nikishin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU), 73, Zemlyanoy Val Str., 109004 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Kochetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU), 73, Zemlyanoy Val Str., 109004 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7794-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill","family":"Gavrilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fund for Environmental Protection and Development of the Far North and Equivalent Territories \u201cYakutia\u201d, 18 Oktyabrskaya Street, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1207-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoria","family":"Gaffarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU), 73, Zemlyanoy Val Str., 109004 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Medvedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedicine and Genomics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Smorodinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU), 73, Zemlyanoy Val Str., 109004 Moscow, 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Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Nikiforov-Nikishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Fisheries, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU), 73, Zemlyanoy Val Str., 109004 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bernoth, E.-M., Ellis, A.E., Midtlyng, P.J., Olivier, G., and Smith, P. 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