{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T03:28:07Z","timestamp":1761535687970,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH2022C041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2022C041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M750390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M750390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributing significantly. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, exhibits antioxidant properties. This study investigated whether CGA mitigates ROS-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in chronic stress-induced ileal injury. Methods: Rats were subjected to restraint stress for 21 days, with\/without CGA (100 mg\/kg, gavage). CGA\u2019s mechanism was elucidated by assessing ileal flora, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, structural changes, and the Nrf2 pathway. Results: CGA restored ileal structure, attenuated ROS and MDA levels, elevated GSH and SOD levels, and reduced apoptosis-associated proteins. CGA stabilized conformation bound to Keap1, deregulating Keap1\u2019s negative regulation of Nrf2, thereby increasing Nrf2 and downstream protein expression (HO-1 and NQO1). Gut microbiota imbalance was corrected, with increased Lactobacillus abundance post-CGA intervention. Conclusions: CGA alleviates chronic stress-induced ileal oxidative stress and apoptosis, which relates closely to Nrf2 pathway activation and modulation of intestinal microflora.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14111483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T02:50:48Z","timestamp":1761533448000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Ileal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats by Influencing Intestinal Flora and Activating Nrf2 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanpan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar 161000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichen","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Derunquan Health Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guofeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7671-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honggang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-018-0173-3","article-title":"The Natural History of IBD: Lessons Learned","volume":"16","author":"Weimers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Treat. 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