{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:11:12Z","timestamp":1792113072550,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Project","award":["2025ZY-XCZXZS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZY-XCZXZS-21"]}]},{"name":"Key Core Technology Research and Development in Shaanxi Province Agriculture","award":["2025NYGG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025NYGG010"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Development Special Program","award":["Z2025-XCZX-0029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2025-XCZX-0029"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1600401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1600401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Auricularia, and specifically the species A. auricula, is a globally significant edible fungus with a long history of cultivation and notable nutritional and medicinal properties. This review systematically examines the taxonomic classification, morphological and physiological characteristics, and bioactive components (such as polysaccharides, melanin, proteins and polyphenols) of A. auricula, as well as their pharmacological effects and industrial applications. Recent molecular biological advances have clarified taxonomic uncertainties, including the reclassification of \u2018heimuer\u2019 as A. cornea, and emphasized the species\u2019 genetic diversity. A. auricula thrives in temperate and subtropical regions, with cultivation techniques evolving from traditional wood log inoculation to modern substrate-based methods. However, sustainability challenges persist, including reliance on virgin wood substrates and the need for improved spent substrate management. The fungus exhibits remarkable nutritional properties, with polysaccharides (up to 66.1% of dry weight) demonstrating hypoglycemic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Melanin and proteins further contribute to hepatoprotection, antimicrobial effects, and metabolic regulation. Industrial applications of Auricularia species extend beyond food into pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Polysaccharides are explored as drug carriers, while melanin shows promise in antioxidant and antibacterial formulations. Despite these advances, gaps remain in understanding the mechanistic basis of bioactive compound functions and optimizing cultivation for sustainable production. Future research should integrate multi-omics approaches to elucidate genetic regulation, enhance substrate formulations, and develop value-added products. This review underscores the potential of Auricularia species as a functional food and biotechnological resource, advocating for interdisciplinary efforts to address current challenges and unlock its full industrial potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14111555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1762419723000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sustainable Cultivation and Functional Bioactive Compounds of Auricularia Mushrooms: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4541-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center 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Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlun","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9546-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenpeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Research Center 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