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Scalable ex vivo survival is essential for endangered species germplasm banking, genetic resource conservation, and male infertility therapy. Here, chitosan (CO) or chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was cross-linked into injectable, biodegradable 3D hydrogels loaded with the natural astaxanthin (AST). CCK-8 optimization identified 0.3% CO + 0.2% AST (CHAG) and 0.2% COS + 0.2% AST (COAG) as superior formulations. After 7 or 14 d of 3D culture, CHAG yielded significantly more colonies than controls (p &lt; 0.01), with elevated EdU incorporation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and positive OCT4 and PLZF staining, confirming preserved stemness. Caspase-3 expression was markedly reduced, indicating the AST-mediated suppression of oxidative apoptosis. RNA-seq showed distinct transcriptome pathways (p &lt; 0.01): CHAG up-regulated adhesion and ECM\u2013receptor and cell cycle pathways, whereas COAG enriched immune-modulatory and signaling modules, enabling context-specific use. AST-loaded CO\/COS hydrogels are inexpensive, cytocompatible, and scalable, doubling as a biomimetic niche that accelerates SSC proliferation while delaying senescence. The platform provides a robust, controllable 3D system for SSC expansion and establishes a pre-clinical basis for translating CO\/COS\/AST composites to reproductive stem cell biotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14121664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T14:59:04Z","timestamp":1763996344000},"page":"1664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Construction and Performance Evaluation of an Astaxanthin\u2013Chitosan\/Chitooligosaccharide Hydrogel System for Ex Vivo Culture of Murine Spermatogonial Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4353-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinlin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8486-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangdong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Kang, K., Liu, S., Ma, Y., Yu, M., and Zhao, X. 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