{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:55:50Z","timestamp":1764597350617,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"university of KwaZulu-Natal collage of health sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Both preeclampsia (PE) and prediabetes (PD) are known hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and a correlation has been shown between these two diseases. A recent study in our laboratory has shown that pregestational PD is a risk factor for developing PE during pregnancy, as pregestational PD increased antiangiogenic factors. However, pregestational PD antiangiogenic release has not been shown to be associated with liver dysfunction. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate pregestational PD as a risk factor for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into a normal pregnant group (ND), a preeclamptic pregnant group (PE), and a prediabetic pregnant group (PD). On gestational day (GND) 19, animals were sacrificed, and blood and liver tissues were collected to measure antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation parameters, liver TGs, liver enzymes, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and hematology parameters. Results: The results showed significant increases in liver TGs, liver enzymes, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and hematology parameters in the PE and PD pregnant groups compared to the ND group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pregestational PD predisposes patients to metabolic and inflammatory changes associated with HELLP syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a link between pregestational PD and HELLP syndrome-related complications in a preclinical model, highlighting the importance of monitoring metabolic health before pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14121707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Adverse Impact of Pregestational Prediabetes Contributes to HELLP Syndrome Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelisiwe","family":"Siboto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asiphaphola","family":"Ludidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nombuso","family":"Xulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayanda","family":"Nkosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5894-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ntethelelo","family":"Sibiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2246-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andile","family":"Khathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phikelelani Siphosethu","family":"Ngubane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators (2016). 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