{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T05:34:49Z","timestamp":1766468089477,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IRTC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004192","name":"National Science and Technology Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Huvepharma Thailand Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in plant-based swine diets can reduce nutrient availability, and the use of exogenous NSP-degrading enzymes has been proposed as a practical approach to improve digestive utilization. This study examined the effects of a commercial enzyme mixture through both in vitro assessment and an in vivo trial in nursery pigs. The in vitro evaluation of seven commercial diets showed that enzyme supplementation increased dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber digestibility, with the most notable improvements observed in finisher, gestating, and lactating diets. In the in vivo experiment, pigs fed the enzyme-supplemented diet showed higher average daily gain (464 vs. 361 g\/d; p = 0.07) and an improved feed conversion ratio (1.82 vs. 2.39; p = 0.07), together with numerically greater cecal butyrate concentration (2.13 vs. 1.06 mmol\/dL; p = 0.10) and increased villous height in the jejunum and ileum. Although these responses did not reach statistical significance, they represent consistent trends that align with the in vitro findings and suggest potential benefits in nutrient utilization and gut morphology. Overall, the results indicate that NSP enzyme supplementation may support digestive function under specific dietary conditions, particularly in diets containing moderate to high NSP levels, and provide useful information for its practical application in swine nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:01:33Z","timestamp":1766386893000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Exogenous Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzymes in Enhancing Digestibility and Performance of Pig"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panuwat","family":"Yamsakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terdsak","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanaporn","family":"Eiamsam-ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"The role of non-starch polysaccharides in pig nutrition: A review","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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