{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:42:54Z","timestamp":1790192574586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Regional Cooperation Projects","award":["2025-DFZD-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-DFZD-16"]}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases","award":["2025NITFID502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025NITFID502"]}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases","award":["2025NITFID513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025NITFID513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Weissella viridescens has been proposed as a probiotic candidate, but strain-level multi-omics evidence remains limited. The complete genome of the human-derived W. viridescens strain Wv2365 was sequenced through a hybrid assembly of Illumina and PacBio sequencing reads and compared with eight publicly available W. viridescens genomes. Pangenome analysis and functional annotation were performed, and metabolites were profiled by broadly targeted metabolomic analysis. In addition, the acid and bile tolerance, auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity, and antioxidant activity of the strain, as well as both in silico and phenotypic safety, were assessed. Wv2365 carries a single chromosome of 1.57 Mb with 41.3% G+C content. The species has an open pangenome with 803 core genes. Genomic and metabolomic features converged on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, including glycolysis\/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and arginine pathways, and a carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) repertoire dominated by glycosyltransferases. In vitro, Wv2365 tolerated pH 3.0 and 0.3% bile, showed auto-aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging. The strain was susceptible to 10 antibiotics tested except for its intrinsic vancomycin non-susceptibility and was non-hemolytic and gelatinase negative. No acquired antimicrobial resistance or virulence genes were found in the genome. These findings indicate that W. viridescens Wv2365 is safe with probiotic traits relevant to gastrointestinal survival, colonization, and redox balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15010063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1767198863000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genomic and Metabolomic Insights Into the Probiotic Potential of Weissella viridescens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9003-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-5258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiting","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4502-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1993.tb01600.x","article-title":"Taxonomic Studies on Some Leuconostoc-like Organisms from Fermented Sausages: Description of a New Genus Weissella for the Leuconostoc paramesenteroides Group of Species","volume":"75","author":"Collins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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