{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:59:42Z","timestamp":1767376782997,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biological Breeding-Major Projects","award":["2023ZD04062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD04062"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32230107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32230107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biological Breeding-Major Projects","award":["2023ZD0405503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0405503"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-47-G03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-47-G03"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Scholar Climbing Project of Shandong Province, China"},{"name":"Innovative Team Project of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","award":["2023TD20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important marine aquaculture species that exhibits pronounced female-biased sexual size dimorphism, which limits the economic value of male stocks. The F4 generation of genome-edited dmrt1\u2212\/\u2212 ZZ males carried a stable 8 bp deletion in dmrt1, developed ovarian lamella-like gonads and were completely sterile, as in vitro fertilization with their gonads produced no viable embryos. From 12 to 15 months post-hatch (mph), their growth rate was significantly higher than that of wild-type males and ultimately comparable to that of females. They weighed 3.2-fold heavier and measured 1.38-fold longer than their 15 mph wild-type male counterparts. Muscle nutritional composition and most texture traits of dmrt1\u2212\/\u2212 ZZ males did not differ from wild-type females. However, their fat content was significantly lower than that of wild-type males, while their Omega6 content was significantly higher. Metabolomic analysis identified 1262 metabolites and revealed differential enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, energy, and antioxidant and neuromuscular metabolism, without evidence of detrimental shifts. Overall, dmrt1 editing yields a fast-growing, functionally sterile male line whose flesh quality is similar to that of wild-type tongue sole, supporting its potential use in sex-control breeding in Chinese tongue sole and providing a valuable model for studying sexual size dimorphism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15010093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:51:21Z","timestamp":1767376281000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of an Infertile, All-Male ZZ Line Exhibiting Female-like Growth in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis): Growth Performance, Flesh Quality, and Muscle Metabolome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7626-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangfan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanqing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangzhou","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2890","article-title":"Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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