{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:59:04Z","timestamp":1767376744690,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute (POM\/IOC), PROEP Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442053\/2024-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442053\/2024-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/210.408\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.408\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309493\/2025-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309493\/2025-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chagas disease remains a major public health challenge due to the limited effectiveness and considerable side effects of existing treatments, particularly during the chronic stage. A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) seeds have gained increasing attention as a source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts and solvent fractions obtained from a\u00e7a\u00ed seeds were chemically characterized by ESI\/MS and HPLC\u2013MS\/MS and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiparasitic activity against different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain). Chemical profiling revealed a predominance of phenolic compounds, particularly catechins and procyanidins, which were identified as major constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction. Cytotoxicity assays performed on murine peritoneal macrophages demonstrated low toxicity, with CC50 values exceeding 500 \u00b5g\/mL for most samples, indicating a favorable in vitro safety profile. Antiparasitic assays showed weak activity against epimastigote forms; however, significant inhibitory effects were observed against bloodstream trypomastigotes, cell culture-derived trypomastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes. Notably, the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited the highest selectivity against intracellular amastigotes, with a selectivity index greater than 10, fulfilling key criteria proposed by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) for early-stage hit compounds. Flow cytometry analysis showed that both the hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction induced parasite cell death through late apoptosis-like and necrosis. Together, these findings highlight the antiparasitic potential of E. oleracea seed extracts, particularly against clinically relevant stages of T. cruzi, and support further investigation of these bioproducts as promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for Chagas disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15010096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:51:21Z","timestamp":1767376281000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (A\u00e7a\u00ed) Seed Bioproducts on Trypanosoma cruzi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3305-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Previtalli-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiana de Jesus","family":"Hardoim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1531-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael de Lucena","family":"Banaggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla J.","family":"Moragas-Tellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute (Farmanguinhos), FIOCRUZ, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Victor Ramos de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute (Farmanguinhos), FIOCRUZ, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Dutra","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute (Farmanguinhos), FIOCRUZ, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6757-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago de Souza Dias","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia da Silva","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via de Oliveira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2019.100507","article-title":"Chagas Disease: Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy","volume":"46","author":"Stewart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"DNDi (2025). Chagas Disease, DNDi."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvestrini, A., and Mancini, A. (2024). 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