{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:43:01Z","timestamp":1767764581059,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forest Genetics and Breeding","award":["No. 2015X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2015X"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and Development Project of Seed Industry","award":["2024HZYCXNK06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HZYCXNK06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PL2024C019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PL2024C019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Plant citrate synthase (CSY) is involved in the iron deficiency (\u2212Fe) response and aluminum (Al) detoxification. However, knowledge of CSY function in responding to excess iron (+Fe) or Al stress (+Al) is still limited. Methods: The CDS and promoter of GmCSY3 were isolated from soybean and bioinformatically analyzed. The GmCSY3 expression was detected by qRT-PCR and GUS assay. The growth of GmCSY3 recombinant yeast under +Fe or +Al was detected. The phenotype, CSY activity, citric acid concentration, chlorophyll content, MDA, H2O2, O2\u2212 contents, GST, CAT, SOD, and POD activities were examined in GmCSY3 overexpressed and RNAi-suppressed soybean chimeras under +Fe or +Al. Perls and Hematoxylin stained the roots, and the FCR activity was determined. Results: GmCSY3 was induced by +Fe or +Al, but not by \u2212Fe. GmCSY3 enhanced yeast\u2019s acid production and resistance to +Fe or +Al. GmCSY3 overexpression in soybean significantly enhanced CSY activity, promoted growth, alleviated oxidative damage caused by +Fe or +Al, with less free Fe3+ and Al3+, and reduced FCR activity, while GmCSY3 RNAi-suppressed showed the opposite effect. Conclusions: GmCSY3 promotes the process of citrate synthesis, chelates Fe3+ and Al3+, alleviates oxidative damage caused by +Fe or +Al, and modulates iron absorption in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15010105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1767629227000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overexpression of GmCSY3 Enhances Soybean Tolerance to Excess Iron and Aluminum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongqiu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingdong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donglin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137891","article-title":"Aluminum and microplastic release from reflective agricultural films disrupt microbial communities and functions in soil","volume":"491","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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