{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:30:21Z","timestamp":1790105421986,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) RO1","award":["HD106285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD106285"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudouridine (\u03a8), the most abundant RNA modification, plays essential roles in shaping RNA structure, stability, and translational output. Beyond cancer, \u03a8 is dynamically regulated across numerous physiological and pathological contexts\u2014including immune activation, metabolic disorders, stress responses, and pregnancy-related conditions such as preeclampsia\u2014where elevated \u03a8 levels reflect intensified RNA turnover and modification activity. These broad functional roles highlight pseudouridylation as a central regulator of cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that \u03a8 dysregulation contributes directly to the development and progression of several women\u2019s cancers, including breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical malignancies. Elevated \u03a8 levels in tissues, blood, and urine correlate with tumor burden, metastatic potential, and therapeutic responsiveness. Aberrant activity of \u03a8 synthases such as PUS1, PUS7, and the H\/ACA ribonucleoprotein component dyskerin alters pseudouridylation patterns across multiple RNA substrates, including rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, lncRNAs, snoRNAs, and ncRNAs. These widespread modifications reshape ribosome function, modify transcript stability and translational efficiency, reprogram RNA\u2013protein interactions, and activate oncogenic signaling programs. Advances in high-resolution, site-specific \u03a8 mapping technologies have further revealed mechanistic links between pseudouridylation and malignant transformation, highlighting how modification of distinct RNA classes contributes to altered cellular identity and tumor progression. Collectively, \u03a8 and its modifying enzymes represent promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets across women\u2019s cancers, while also serving as sensitive indicators of diverse non-cancer physiological and disease states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15020142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:03:10Z","timestamp":1768381390000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular Insights into Widespread Pseudouridine RNA Modifications: Implications for Women\u2019s Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Al-Hendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11006, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0253-2","article-title":"Role of RNA modifications in cancer","volume":"20","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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