{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:32:01Z","timestamp":1781796721388,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSUR230509103995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSUR230509103995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease characterised by immune-mediated hepatic injury, often leading to liver failure. The underlying molecular mechanisms of AIH remain poorly elucidated, hindering diagnostic and therapeutic advances. This review overviews the current understanding of AIH pathogenesis, which arises from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune mechanisms (loss of tolerance, regulatory T cell dysfunction). Furthermore, current technologies and models which are being used to deconvolve the molecular profiles and pathophysiology of AIH are also discussed. Although AIH has a low reported global burden, AIH research is critically skewed towards European ancestry populations. This leaves a significant knowledge gap in diverse ancestry groups, such as those of African ancestry, where emerging research suggests that these patients may experience a more aggressive disease. Collectively, this highlights the need for research in underrepresented global populations to develop tailored diagnostics and effective targeted treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15050400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:06:59Z","timestamp":1772467619000},"page":"400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Research Gaps in African Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Group, Future Production Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa"},{"name":"Wits Donald Gordon Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9610-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Scholefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Group, Future Production Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"Hurrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Group, Future Production Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4408-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerolen","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Group, Future Production Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0184, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.017","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis","volume":"83","author":"Gatselis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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