{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1780488668951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SOPHIA Co., Ltd."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012359","name":"Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postbiotics produced by beneficial bacteria are emerging as safe dietary approaches to intestinal inflammation. We evaluated intestinal bacterial metabolites (IBM), a cell-free fermented soybean extract generated by co-culturing 31 Lactobacillus\/Bifidobacterium-related strains, for prophylactic protection in 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Male C57BL\/6NJ mice received oral IBM (0.4 or 2 mL\/kg\/day) or vehicle for 7 days before and during 7 days of DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology were assessed, and endpoint serum cytokines were quantified by a multiplex bead assay. DSS-independent responses were examined in healthy mice after 7 days of IBM by rectal RNA sequencing and cecal 16S rDNA profiling, and direct epithelial effects were tested in HCT-116 and DLD-1 cells treated with 2% IBM. IBM attenuated colitis, improving DAI, preventing colon shortening, and ameliorating histopathology, with decreased IL-23 and IL-17A and increased IFN-\u03b2 and GM-CSF. Rectal transcriptomics showed modulation of circadian programs, upregulation of mucosal\/barrier genes, and reduced extracellular-matrix remodeling signatures. IBM increased junctional proteins and barrier-related transcripts in vitro and shifted the microbiota, increasing Lactobacillus and Roseburia while decreasing Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. These coordinated clinical, immunological, transcriptomic, epithelial, and microbiome changes support prophylactic protection by IBM against DSS colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15050428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:52:11Z","timestamp":1772711531000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postbiotic Metabolites from a 31-Strain Lactobacillus\/Bifidobacterium Co-Culture Attenuate DSS Colitis with Barrier- and Circadian-Linked Transcriptomic Signatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Ueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"},{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9278-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Iwasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Ohki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Toyo University, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohma","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Sakuraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"},{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Toyo University, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"},{"name":"Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disaster, Juntendo University, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.03.007","article-title":"Disruption of the epithelial barrier during intestinal inflammation: Quest for new molecules and mechanisms","volume":"1864","author":"Lechuga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. 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