{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:52:23Z","timestamp":1773931943311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The etiopathogenesis of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), a complex and complicated illness, is unknown. Genetic, environmental, and dysregulated immune system responses are all thought to contribute to the disease\u2019s etiology. Important immunological molecules that regulate different immune cells and are associated with autoimmune disorders are TNFSF4 and IKZF1. Thus, our purpose was to discover if TNFSF4 and IKZF1 mutations left the Egyptian population genetically predisposed to SLE. Methods: Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), polymorphism analysis of the TNFSF4 rs1234315 C\/T and IKZF1 rs11980379 C\/T genes was performed on extracted DNA from JSLE patients and healthy controls. Results: TNFSF4 frequencies (rs1234315 T allele, CT, TT genotypes, dominant and recessive models) were substantially associated with a higher incidence of JSLE (p &lt; 0.05) compared to healthy controls. Conversely, IKZF1 frequencies (rs11980379 T allele, TC, TT genotypes, and dominant model) significantly correlated with a lower incidence of JSLE. Furthermore, the TC + CC rs11980379 genotype was identified as significantly associated with lower kidney biopsy grades and a lower incidence of lupus nephritis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TNFSF4 and IKZF1 polymorphisms affect vulnerability to juvenile SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15060489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:50:36Z","timestamp":1773921036000},"page":"489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TNFSF4\/OX40L and IKZF1\/IKAROS Genetic Variant Associations with Egyptian Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab R.","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5016-5697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Amshawee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Hilla, Babylon 51002, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9208-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Flayyih","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64074, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Farabi University, Baghdad 64001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0163-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia Tawfeek","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8375-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania A.","family":"Abd El Azeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medical Applied Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 1803, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2053-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Zedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuraya M.","family":"Mutawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4479-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanis S.","family":"El-beltagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6754-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El Basuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raupov, R.K., Suspitsin, E.N., Kalashnikova, E.M., Sorokina, L.S., Burtseva, T.E., Argunova, V.M., Mulkidzhan, R.S., Tumakova, A.V., and Kostik, M.M. 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