{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:42:00Z","timestamp":1774014120889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common species of tick in Europe is the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus), which is found in forests, parks, and gardens and is active almost all year round. Ticks are among the most important arthropods and vectors of disease, transmitting a wide range of parasites that sometimes lead to the death of infected organisms. The peak incidence of tick-borne diseases occurs between May and September; however, due to global warming, people are increasingly exposed to tick-borne diseases throughout the year. In order to increase the possibility of preventing the transmission of diseases by ticks, it is necessary to become thoroughly familiar with the life cycle of ticks and the environment in which they live. Vaccines are available for some diseases, such as tick-borne encephalitis, while others require a highly specific diagnosis. Another major problem is the long period between the tick bite, which often goes unnoticed or is even ignored by the patient or the doctor, and the development of tick-borne diseases. Increasing attention is being paid to the prevention of tick-borne diseases through prevention of tick bites, quick tick removal, use of repellents, appropriate land management, vaccinations, and the use of plants as natural acaricides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15060497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:49:58Z","timestamp":1774003798000},"page":"497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ticks: Biology, Habitat, Threats and Protection Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlena","family":"Szalata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0629-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Wielgus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Danielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Hnatyszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Public Health Care Centre in Nowa S\u00f3l, Multispecialty Hospital, Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 7, 67-100 Nowa S\u00f3l, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1500-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Szalata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants-National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5313-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena","family":"Skrzypczak-Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 32, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5601-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"S\u0142omski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Social and Media Culture in Toru\u0144, \u015bw. J\u00f3zefa 23\/35, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017deki\u0107, M., Ki\u0161ek, T.C., Cvitkovi\u0107-\u0160pik, V., Ru\u017ei\u0107-Sablji\u0107, E., Gajdov, V., Potkonjak, A., Juri\u0161i\u0107, A., and Savi\u0107, S. (2025). Molecular Detection and Characterization of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected from Humans. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060528"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06852-6","article-title":"Diversity of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from dogs and cats: A focus on Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania","volume":"18","author":"Ghodrati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. 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