{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:38:09Z","timestamp":1791848289467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD1401000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1401000"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-04"]}]},{"name":"project of State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou Medical University","award":["GPLKF202512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPLKF202512"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The soybean pod borer, Leguminivora glycinivorella, is a monophagous pest that threatens soybean production. Its larvae feed concealed within pods, which limits the efficacy of conventional insecticides. Elucidating its chemosensory system is therefore essential for developing green, behavior-based management strategies. Reference-based transcriptomics across multiple tissues of L. glycinivorella identified a comprehensive repertoire of chemosensory genes, including 76 odorant receptors (ORs), 15 gustatory receptors (GRs), 18 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 52 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 18 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses characterized these candidates within the context of known insect chemosensory families. Notably, canonical bitter GRs and specific IR lineages (e.g., IR100\/IR85a) were not detected in our dataset, potentially reflecting adaptation to the specialized soybean-feeding habit of this pest. Expression profiling further revealed pronounced sexual and tissue dimorphism: male antennae showed significant enrichment of putative pheromone receptors (PRs) and LglySNMP1, whereas several OBPs and ORs exhibited female-biased expression, suggesting roles in host location and oviposition. Additionally, the high expression of GR43a homologs points to fructose sensing, while the lack of detectable CO2 receptor components (except LglyGR2) suggests atypical carbon dioxide perception mechanisms. Collectively, this study provides a valuable expression atlas of chemosensory genes in L. glycinivorella and identifies sex-specific candidate genes for future functional validation and behavior-based pest management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15060505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:07:06Z","timestamp":1774271226000},"page":"505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Chemosensory Genes in Leguminivora glycinivorella"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3285-9379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12917","article-title":"Sympatric diversity pattern driven by the secondary contact of two deeply divergent lineages of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Integr. 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