{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:56:27Z","timestamp":1774454187551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Qassim University\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/01wsfe280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as a global health issue because of its fast spread to 104 nations over six continents. In the current study, an immunoinformatics pipeline was used to design a multiepitope-based prophylactic vaccine targeting the A35R glycoprotein and E8L membrane proteins of the monkeypox virus. Selected target proteins were surface-exposed, non-homologous to the human proteome, and essential for viral pathogenesis. B-cell and T-cell (MHC-I and MHC-II) epitopes with high antigenicity (&gt;0.5), non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, and highly soluble in water with strong affinity towards innate and adaptive receptors, were prioritized. Shortlisted epitopes were combined to design the final vaccine utilizing an adjuvant (50S ribosomal L7\/L12) and appropriate linkers for improved immunogenicity. Population coverage analysis showed wide HLA representation with 83.57% (MHC-I) and 88.8% (MHC-II) global coverage, including 89.6% for West Africa and 87.3% for Central Africa. Docking analysis of the vaccine construct with the TLR-4 receptor revealed stable interactions (\u2212695.6 kcal\/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies further confirmed structural stability. Immune simulations predicted strong activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. These results indicate that the designed multiepitope vaccine construct is a viable option for additional experimental validation against the monkeypox virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15070524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1774451133000},"page":"524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiepitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against A35R Glycoprotein and E8L Membrane Protein of Monkeypox Virus Using an Immunoinformatics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1315-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laaiba","family":"Attique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Babar","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayyaba","family":"Gulistan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deeba","family":"Amraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4998-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumra Wajid","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3708-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abdullah","family":"Aljasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51431, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harapan, H., Ophinni, Y., Megawati, D., and Frediansyah, A. 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