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The dynamic balance of m6A modification is governed by methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and binding proteins (readers). m6A regulators are integral to critical biological processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and stress responses. B. xylophilus, a highly destructive invasive plant-parasitic nematode, has caused considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. However, the m6A regulatory system in PWNs has not yet been investigated. In this study, we systematically identified 21 m6A regulators in PWNs, including 10 writers, 6 erasers, and 5 readers, which belong to the METTL, ALKBH, and KH\/RRM families. Phylogenetic and domain analyses revealed the evolutionary conservation and functional diversification of these protein families. Expression profiling indicated stage-specific expression patterns of m6A regulators during the egg, larval, diapause, and adult stages. Furthermore, significant responses were observed under low-temperature treatment, \u03b2-pinene exposure, and infection of Pinus thunbergii seedlings, with ALKBH family members exhibiting upregulation under all three stress conditions. Notably, unlike most eukaryotes, the PWN lacks canonical FTO\/ALKBH5 demethylases and YTH-domain readers, instead relying on ALKBH6\/8 and KH\/RRM proteins. These findings suggest that this non-canonical m6A regulatory mechanism may contribute to the development and pathogenesis of B. xylophilus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15100786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T13:12:08Z","timestamp":1779455528000},"page":"786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of m6A Regulators in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Across Developmental and Stress Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9401-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuke","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4921-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kongshu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6731-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4110","article-title":"Epitranscriptome sequencing technologies: Decoding RNA modifications","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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