{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:34:16Z","timestamp":1792690456786,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project: Research and Application of Key Technologies for High-Quality Seedling Propagation and Cultivation of Bletilla striata","award":["2025B03J0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B03J0003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program Project: Project for the Establishment of a Germplasm Resource Base and Repository for Southern Chinese Medicinal Herbs in Northern Guangdong","award":["2024B1212060006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B1212060006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioreactor technology for medicinal plants provides a controllable platform for the conservation of rare and endangered resources, the production of high-value-added active ingredients, and green manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine. Focusing on in vitro culture systems of medicinal plants, this article systematically reviews the application progress of stirred-tank, airlift, bubble column, wave-mixed, spray-type, temporary immersion, and photobioreactors in the culture of suspension cells, adventitious roots, hairy roots, shoots, and somatic embryos. Different from existing studies that mainly list reactor types, this review further provides a comprehensive analysis from the perspectives of physiological characteristics of the cultured objects, mass transfer and shear environment, medium and elicitor regulation, inoculation density, culture cycle, representative cases, and industrialization limitations. The results indicate that bioreactors can shorten production cycles, improve environmental controllability, and enhance product quality consistency; however, their large-scale application remains constrained by scale-up stability, metabolic fluctuations, downstream processing costs, GMP quality control, and commercial feasibility. Future research should shift from merely pursuing increased yield to integrated process development that is scalable, verifiable, low-cost, and quality-controllable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15131025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:54:42Z","timestamp":1782694482000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bioreactor Technology for Medicinal Plant In Vitro Cultures: Systems, Applications, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meibing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusui Livestock Breeding Farm, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongzuo 532200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2080-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7816-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Industrial Technology System for Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verd\u00fa-Navarro, F., Moreno-Cid, J.A., Weiss, J., and Egea-Cortines, M. 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