{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:40:43Z","timestamp":1785404443451,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory for Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, the Hefei National Laboratory, Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology","award":["2021ZD0300500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0300500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009108","name":"Shandong University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022ZLGX03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZLGX03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2022ZLGX03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZLGX03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0207yh398","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Industry-Education Integration Innovation Platform, Research Institute of Shandong University","award":["2022-189-181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-189-181"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects","award":["2024ZY01035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY01035"]}]},{"name":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Speech perception relies on distributed neuronal populations, yet traditional decoding often utilizes static strategies that overlook inherent temporal dependencies and dynamic regulation. Therefore, we introduce the concept of system identification into multivariate decoding. By modeling brain response characteristics through time-lagged regression between speech stimuli and neural responses, we propose a temporal response function-based representational similarity analysis method (TRF-RSA). This method models the dynamic time-lag mapping from continuous stimulus features to neural responses, effectively separating stimulus-driven coherent activity from high-dimensional noise. More importantly, it elevates the analytical perspective from static comparisons of raw signals to dynamic trajectories in weight space. We conducted an auditory experiment and incorporated high spatiotemporal resolution optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) with electroencephalography (EEG). The results showed that TRF-RSA significantly enhanced the pattern similarity between speech sounds and the ability to discriminate between pattern differences. Furthermore, it revealed stronger similarities elicited by biological vocalizations, indicating a preference in the brain for these species-specific sounds. Source localization results not only confirmed the classical speech perception network but also revealed activation in limbic and deep brain regions. By modeling the relationship between stimulus features and neural responses, TRF-RSA dynamically quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of stimulus-driven neural activity, improving the sensitivity of representational pattern decoding during the encoding process. These findings suggest that this method is a sensitive neuroimaging tool that not only advances our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of speech processing but also provides a new reference for population dynamics research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15131028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:54:42Z","timestamp":1782694482000},"page":"1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Response Function-Driven Representational Similarity Analysis for Speech Perception Decoding with MEG and EEG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4251-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changzeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Smart Power Distribution Equipment and System, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3563-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory for Magnetic Field-Free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170325","article-title":"Decoding neural representational spaces using multivariate pattern analysis","volume":"37","author":"Haxby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1302-13.2014","article-title":"Brain-based translation: fMRI decoding of spoken words in bilinguals reveals language-independent semantic representations in anterior temporal lobe","volume":"34","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.007","article-title":"Representational geometry: Integrating cognition, computation, and the brain","volume":"17","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.01.002","article-title":"Neural population coding: Combining insights from microscopic and mass signals","volume":"19","author":"Panzeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/35094565","article-title":"Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top\u2013down processing","volume":"2","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rupp, K., Hect, J.L., and Abel, T.J. (2022). Neural responses in human superior temporal cortex support coding of voice representations. PLoS Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001675"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.042","article-title":"Neural source dynamics of brain responses to continuous stimuli: Speech processing from acoustics to comprehension","volume":"172","author":"Brodbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"19","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117815","article-title":"Measuring functional connectivity with wearable MEG","volume":"230","author":"Boto","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2926-16.2017","article-title":"Being first matters: Topographical representational similarity analysis of ERP signals reveals separate networks for audiovisual temporal binding depending on the leading sense","volume":"37","author":"Cecere","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kriegeskorte, N., Mur, M., and Bandettini, P.A. (2008). Representational similarity analysis-connecting the branches of systems neuroscience. Front. Syst. Neurosci., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.06.004.2008"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsz099","article-title":"A guide to representational similarity analysis for social neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"Popal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2558","article-title":"State-dependent computations: Spatiotemporal processing in cortical networks","volume":"10","author":"Buonomano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4330-05.2006","article-title":"Plasticity of temporal pattern codes for vocalization stimuli in primary auditory cortex","volume":"26","author":"Schnupp","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1964242025","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1964-24.2025","article-title":"Novel verbal instructions recruit abstract neural patterns of time-variable information dimensionality","volume":"45","author":"Pena","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120354","article-title":"Quantification of inter-brain coupling: A review of current methods used in haemodynamic and electrophysiological hyperscanning studies","volume":"280","author":"Hakim","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peelle, J.E., and Davis, M.H. (2012). Neural oscillations carry speech rhythm through to comprehension. Front. Psychol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00320"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.08.004","article-title":"Neural entrainment and attentional selection in the listening brain","volume":"23","author":"Obleser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205381109","article-title":"Emergence of neural encoding of auditory objects while listening to competing speakers","volume":"109","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deoisres, S., and Simpson, D.M. (2023). Continuous speech with pauses inserted between words increases cortical tracking of speech envelope. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289288"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2020.07.014","article-title":"Continuous speech processing","volume":"18","author":"Brodbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1828-18.2019","article-title":"Neural speech tracking in the theta and in the delta frequency band differentially encode clarity and comprehension of speech in noise","volume":"39","author":"Etard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"076601","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/7\/076601","article-title":"The physics of hearing: Fluid mechanics and the active process of the inner ear","volume":"77","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05945-9","article-title":"Speech-induced suppression during natural dialogues","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1455-20.2021","article-title":"Attention differentially affects acoustic and phonetic feature encoding in a multispeaker environment","volume":"42","author":"Teoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, F., An, N., and Ning, X. (2021). Co-registration comparison of on-scalp magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. Front. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.706785"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4511-05.2006","article-title":"Rapid brain discrimination of sounds of objects","volume":"26","author":"Murray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11210","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2239-10.2010","article-title":"A temporal hierarchy for conspecific vocalization discrimination in humans","volume":"30","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.07.075","article-title":"A new unifying account of the roles of neuronal entrainment","volume":"29","author":"Lakatos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00305.x","article-title":"ERPs differentiate syllable and nonphonetic sound processing in children and adults","volume":"42","author":"Alku","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.074","article-title":"Temporal attention enhances early visual processing: A review and new evidence from event-related potentials","volume":"1076","author":"Correa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01045-x","article-title":"Low frequency transcranial electrical stimulation does not entrain sleep rhythms measured by human intracranial recordings","volume":"8","author":"Lafon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.04.004","article-title":"Modulating human memory via entrainment of brain oscillations","volume":"42","author":"Hanslmayr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4089-08.2009","article-title":"An auditory region in the primate insular cortex responding preferentially to vocal communication sounds","volume":"29","author":"Remedios","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Wu, E.X., and Chen, F. (2022). A speech-level\u2013based segmented model to decode the dynamic auditory attention states in the competing speaker scenes. Front. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.760611"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.013","article-title":"An electrophysiological correlate of voice processing in 4-to 5-year-old children","volume":"75","author":"Rogier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.017","article-title":"Development from childhood to adulthood increases morphological and functional inter-individual variability in the right superior temporal cortex","volume":"83","author":"Bonte","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.09.002","article-title":"Who is that? Brain networks and mechanisms for identifying individuals","volume":"19","author":"Perrodin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charest, I., and Belin, P. (2009). Electrophysiological evidence for an early processing of human voices. BMC Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-127"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs119","article-title":"The early spatio-temporal correlates and task independence of cerebral voice processing studied with MEG","volume":"23","author":"Capilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.019","article-title":"Is voice processing species-specific in human auditory cortex? An fMRI study","volume":"23","author":"Fecteau","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.5.2616","article-title":"Differential representation of species-specific primate vocalizations in the auditory cortices of marmoset and cat","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.08.011","article-title":"A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: Neuronal communication through neuronal coherence","volume":"9","author":"Fries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3137","article-title":"Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions","volume":"13","author":"Siegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.08.043","article-title":"Functionally homologous representation of vocalizations in the auditory cortex of humans and macaques","volume":"31","author":"Bodin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180386","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0386","article-title":"Exploring the cerebral substrate of voice perception in primate brains","volume":"375","author":"Bodin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1933","article-title":"Voice processing in human and non-human primates","volume":"361","author":"Belin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1291","article-title":"Abnormal cortical voice processing in autism","volume":"7","author":"Gervais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.01.066","article-title":"Sound categories are represented as distributed patterns in the human auditory cortex","volume":"19","author":"Staeren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2641","article-title":"Categorical speech representation in human superior temporal gyrus","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14205","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1388-12.2012","article-title":"Processing of natural sounds in human auditory cortex: Tonotopy, spectral tuning, and relation to voice sensitivity","volume":"32","author":"Moerel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moerel, M., De Martino, F., and Formisano, E. (2014). An anatomical and functional topography of human auditory cortical areas. Front. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00225"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13186","article-title":"A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain","volume":"508","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3368-15.2016","article-title":"Functional organization of the parahippocampal cortex: Dissociable roles for context representations and the perception of visual scenes","volume":"36","author":"Baumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14971","article-title":"Cortical thickness of the left parahippocampal cortex links central hearing and cognitive performance in aging","volume":"1522","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91128.2008","article-title":"Influence of context and behavior on stimulus reconstruction from neural activity in primary auditory cortex","volume":"102","author":"Mesgarani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2048232024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2048-23.2024","article-title":"Impaired cortical tracking of speech in children with developmental language disorder","volume":"44","author":"Nora","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.05.001","article-title":"EEG development in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: From child to adult","volume":"130","author":"Clarke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.029","article-title":"Resting state EEG power research in Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A review update","volume":"131","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.12.004","article-title":"Neural envelope tracking as a measure of speech understanding in cochlear implant users","volume":"373","author":"Verschueren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00687.2018","article-title":"Evidence for enhanced neural tracking of the speech envelope underlying age-related speech-in-noise difficulties","volume":"122","author":"Decruy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/13\/1028\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:22:40Z","timestamp":1782966160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/13\/1028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biology15131028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology15131028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]}}}