{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:17:18Z","timestamp":1783333038653,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research supported by STI 2030\u2014Major Projects","award":["2021ZD0200405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0200405"]}]},{"name":"Public Projects of Zhejiang province","award":["2023C03078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03078"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Program of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation","award":["LR23H180002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR23H180002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a severe motor complication associated with long-term levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and candidate biomarkers lack consistency. To investigate cortico-striatal network alterations associated with LID, we simultaneously recorded single-neuron spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) from the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and the primary motor cortex (M1) in LID rats. Our results showed that in the DLS, the LID group had a greater number of putative fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) with lower firing rates, and fewer putative medium spiny neurons (MSNs) with higher firing rates. In M1, pyramidal neurons were fewer but fired faster, while interneurons were more numerous with no change in firing rate. Although gamma power increased and delta power decreased in both regions in LID rats, delta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) was present in the DLS but absent in M1. Furthermore, cross-regional PAC analysis revealed significantly stronger coupling between the low-frequency phase of M1 and the high-frequency amplitude of the DLS than in the opposite direction, indicating an asymmetric pattern of cortico-striatal coupling in LID. These findings demonstrate region-specific alterations in neuronal activity and oscillatory coupling associated with LID and suggest that asymmetric cortico-striatal PAC may serve as a promising electrophysiological marker for characterizing abnormal network dynamics underlying dyskinesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15131074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:05:38Z","timestamp":1783325138000},"page":"1074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Distinct Electrophysiological Mechanisms in the Cortico-Striatal Circuit of LID Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6402-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1749-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoqi","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3335-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guatteo, E.B., Nicola, M., Vincenzo, L., Ada, M., and Nicola, B. 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