{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:08:04Z","timestamp":1784282884931,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Finance, Fujian, China","award":["KLY24109XA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLY24109XA"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Fujian Provincial Education and Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers","award":["JZ230013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ230013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deoxynivalenol (DON), a prevalent mycotoxin, induces intestinal and hepatic injury. Fructus mume extract (FME) possesses bioactive properties, yet its protective role against DON remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanisms of FME in DON-challenged mice. Male C57BL\/6 mice were divided into control, DON (3 mg\/kg), and DON with low-, medium-, or high-dose FME groups for 4 weeks. Analyses included histopathology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology, biochemistry, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, a TUNEL assay, metagenomics, and metabolomics. FME significantly alleviated growth inhibition and tissue damage. Among the 38 components identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, all 38 acted on 156 genes, including IL-1\u03b2, caspase3, and BAX, to alleviate DON-induced intestinal and hepatic injury. FME enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling. FME upregulated tight junction proteins, inhibited apoptosis, and restored microbial diversity by enriching beneficial bacteria. Metabolomics revealed FME reversed DON-induced metabolic disruptions in the liver. Correlation analysis indicated FME remodeled the microbiota\u2013liver metabolite network. In conclusion, FME attenuates DON-induced intestinal injury by modulating the gut\u2013liver axis through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15141172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:55:59Z","timestamp":1784249759000},"page":"1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effects of Fructus mume Extract Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal and Liver Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5608-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiali","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoran","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinjin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province\/Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2023.01.006","article-title":"Gut immune cells and intestinal niche imprinting","volume":"150\u2013151","author":"Rivera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. 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