{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:06:52Z","timestamp":1785434812727,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007278","name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03w2j5y17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue fever, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease, poses a major global health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The absence of a universally effective vaccine against all four dengue virus serotypes necessitates continued exploration of novel vaccine strategies. This study evaluated a PrM-derived multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccine candidate in BALB\/c mice. Molecular docking analyses predicted favourable interactions of the selected PrM-derived B-cell epitope with both human (human BCR Fab region PDB ID: 5IFH) and mouse (mouse BCR PDB ID: 8EMA) B-cell receptors, supporting its antigenic potential. ChemSketch was used to develop the PrM\u2013MAP vaccine construct, which was then commercially synthesized. Mice received single, double, and triple booster doses of the vaccine, while control groups received either PBS or adjuvant alone. Humoral immune responses were measured by ELISA, and safety was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assays on HEK293 cells and the in vivo histopathological examination of major organs. Mice immunized with a single booster dose produced significant levels of PrM-specific antibodies compared to subsequent booster doses, suggesting variability in the humoral response elicited. Optimal coating concentrations in ELISA demonstrated the importance of antigen concentrations in the sensitivity of the assay. The safety evaluation indicated high cell viability, up to 150 \u00b5g\/mL of PrM\u2013MAP, in HEK293 cells, and an absence of significant histopathological damage in treated animals. The PrM\u2013MAP vaccine construct elicited a detectable humoral immune response while demonstrating a high safety profile in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the potential of MAP-based vaccine platforms as promising candidates for further development against the dengue virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15141201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:19:27Z","timestamp":1784564367000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Dendrimer-Based Multiple Antigenic Peptide (MAP) Approach for Dengue Vaccine Development: In Silico and In Vivo Insights on Safety and Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2094-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amtul Wadood","family":"Wajeeha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najam us Sahar Sadaf","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeba","family":"Amraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9857-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseeha","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamuna","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2055-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobia","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4025-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6","article-title":"Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"373","author":"Hotez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Schaefer, T.J., Panda, P.K., and Wolford, R.W. 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