{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:31:30Z","timestamp":1786509090313,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005076","name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP5905020020 and CRP6105020040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP5905020020 and CRP6105020040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CRP5905020020 and CRP6105020040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP5905020020 and CRP6105020040"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01shbv660","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) DC. var. pruriens is used as a traditional medication to enhance male sexual function, yet integrated evidence linking vascular-cell mechanisms to in vivo efficacy and safety of a standardized extract remains limited. This study evaluated the ethanolic seed extract of M. pruriens var. pruriens (MPSE) on erectile function-related mechanisms, addressing the nitric oxide (NO)\u2013cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)\u2013phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in vitro, together with mounting frequency, anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular safety in vivo. Soxhlet extraction with 80% ethanol yielded a dark brown, syrupy extract (12.28% w\/w), which was standardized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography to contain 278 mg\/g extract (27.8% w\/w) of L-DOPA (Rf 0.38). Mechanistic effects were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and a PDE5A1 enzyme assay. Male Wistar rats received MPSE (50, 100, and 200 mg\/kg) orally for 15 days, with hemodynamic assessment in normotensive and N\u03c9-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. MPSE significantly increased eNOS expression and NO production in HUVECs, elevated intracellular cGMP in PASMCs, and directly inhibited PDE5A1 enzymatic activity. Repeated administration significantly increased mounting frequency relative to baseline without altering serum testosterone levels, anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. These findings indicate that MPSE modulates erectile function-related mechanisms, primarily through peripheral vascular effects on the NO\u2013cGMP\u2013PDE5 pathway, and suggest a favorable safety profile. Erectile function itself was not directly assessed and warrants confirmation in models of erectile response. MPSE nevertheless represents a promising plant-derived candidate for erectile dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15161348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens Ethanolic Seed Extract Enhances Erectile Function-Related Mechanisms: Integrated In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4793-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supaporn","family":"Intatham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9499-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phraepakaporn","family":"Kunnaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5974-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thunyatorn","family":"Yimsoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingkwan","family":"Na Takuathung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1516-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parirat","family":"Khonsung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanjana","family":"Jaijoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCormick Faculty of Nursing, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunee","family":"Chansakaow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratchadawan","family":"Puangpradab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seewaboon","family":"Sireeratawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"820","article-title":"Erectile Dysfunction","volume":"94","author":"Rew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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