{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:19:54Z","timestamp":1787566794613,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01HL161386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL161386"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated graded dietary doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae postbiotic (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 g kg\u22121) on growth, feed utilization, serum biochemistry, expression of IGF-1, SOD2, IL-1\u03b2, IL-10 and IgM, and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; 35.1 \u00b1 0.9 g) after 30 and 60 days of feeding. Although the 5 g Kg\u22121 inclusion significantly increased WG (59.4 \u00b1 0.9) and SGR (1.5 \u00b1 0.0) and decreased FCR (0.8 \u00b1 0.0), significant positive effects on multiple endpoints were also recorded at 1.25 and 2.5 g\/kg. Serum total protein and globulin rose with increasing dose and feeding duration, while albumin showed limited change, lowering the A\/G ratio. AST remained unchanged. Creatinine and glucose declined with postbiotic supplementation; the glucose reduction effect was dose-dependent, whereas creatinine was unaffected by feeding duration. The highest gene expression of hepatic IGF-1, SOD2, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10 and splenic IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, and IgM was in T3 at both checkpoints; however, the highest gene expression of intestinal IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, and IgM expression was in T1 at both time points. The pathogenicity experiment showed a significant survival against F. oxysporum (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to controls. The results suggested that dietary S. cerevisiae postbiotic improved growth, biochemical and molecular responses, and survival of Nile tilapia against F. oxysporum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:03:41Z","timestamp":1787558621000},"page":"1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Postbiotic on Growth Performance, Selected Immune and Antioxidant Gene Expression, and Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Infection in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2708-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagwa Mohamed Abdou","family":"Romeih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71529, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2269-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Mostafa","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71529, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut 71511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosra M. I.","family":"El Sherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Sahari, Airport Way, Aswan 81528, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna Mohamed","family":"Eltayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga 72511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3469-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0635-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell\u2019Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9256-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa G. M.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Fish Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8585-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebtsam Sayed Hassan","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71529, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent trends on tilapia cultivation and its major socioeconomic impact among some developing nations: A review","volume":"8","author":"Samaddar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Fish. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAO (2026, July 14). 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