{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:20:41Z","timestamp":1788326441243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2026ZD01910200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZD01910200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010618","name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GZY2025GB0115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZY2025GB0115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["GZY2025GB0115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZY2025GB0115"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qb7bg95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM","award":["2023B1212060062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212060062"]}]},{"name":"Bureau of Science and Technology of Guangzhou Municipality","award":["2024A03J0125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A03J0125"]}]},{"award":["2024A03J0125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A03J0125"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dr53f17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","award":["YN2023MS20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2023MS20"]}]},{"award":["YN2023MS20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2023MS20"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00tjzgn92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is driven by excessive host immune responses and metabolic dysregulation, yet its systemic pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we established a murine MPP via MP (1 \u00d7 108 CCU\/mL), which faithfully recapitulates clinical features, including interstitial pneumonia, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1), and increased alveolar macrophage abundance. Integrating lung transcriptomics and metabolomics, we found that MP infection activates pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction, Th17 differentiation, NF-\u03baB signaling) while disrupting fatty acid metabolism. Correlative analyses revealed that downregulated 3\u2032-AMP and CMP-Neu5Ac correlated with elevated pro-inflammatory IL-18\/IL-33, whereas upregulated 4-imidazoleacrylic acid correlated with reduced anti-inflammatory IL-12A base on transcriptomic data, suggesting that metabolic reprogramming may exacerbate pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal metabolomics revealed marked microbiota dysbiosis, enrichment of Marvinbryantia, and depletion of beneficial taxa, alongside altered fecal metabolites, with correlations linking gut microbial shifts and metabolite changes to lung transcript-level inflammatory cytokines, supporting a gut\u2013lung axis involvement in MPP. Collectively, our multi-omics dissection provides a systems-level view of immune\u2013metabolic crosstalk in MP infection, offering mechanistic insights and potential biomarkers for improved diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T09:21:19Z","timestamp":1788168079000},"page":"1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies Immune\u2013Metabolic Signatures and Gut Microbial Biomarkers in a Murine Model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Changbai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jiaoxu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dongxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lianyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei-Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_1.S37","article-title":"Infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and possible carrier state in different populations of patients","volume":"17","author":"Foy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. 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