{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:15:50Z","timestamp":1788498950809,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute of Morocco"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006319","name":"CNRST","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Morocco, Cerastes cerastes snake is responsible for numerous cases of human envenomation, leading to both local and systemic pathophysiological disturbances. This study provides a first preliminary evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of its venom on genomic material (Deoxyribonucleotide acid: DNA). The venom protein profile was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by intraperitoneal injection in mice. Genotoxicity was assessed using the alkaline comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) on peripheral blood cells following in vitro and in vivo venom treatments with sampling performed between 1 and 24 h after exposure. Concurrently, cell death was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay as an indicator of venom-induced cytotoxicity. DNA damage parameters, including percentage of DNA in the head, tail and tail length, were quantified using OpenComet software. The venom exhibited a protein-rich composition and an LD50 of 34.64 \u00b5g\/mouse. The comet assay revealed statistically significant DNA damage compared to the control group. Partial to complete DNA repair was noted after 24 h depending on the administered dose. These findings confirm those obtained with cell death assay. All results indicate that Moroccan C. cerastes venom induces transient DNA damage, potentially associated with oxidative stress mechanisms leading to cytotoxicity. It is primordial to characterize target venom-molecules exhibiting genetic failure in order to find an adequate therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:53:11Z","timestamp":1788335591000},"page":"1485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genotoxic Activity of Cerastes cerastes Viper Venom Using Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zineb","family":"Ouhemmou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Health, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nouhaila","family":"Benbaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Health, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2614-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahraa","family":"Laouija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20700, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Soukaina","family":"Behlaouane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20700, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nouhaila","family":"El Fenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20700, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mouad","family":"Mkamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20700, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20700, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4805-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mounia","family":"Cherki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences A\u00efn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karkouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Chgoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, 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