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Different structural forms of these phytohormones have been widely used in plant tissue culture, although comparative studies on their temporal effects on gene expression remain limited. In this study, we compared the effects of trans-zeatin (tZ), meta-topolin (mT), and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the expression dynamics of ten CK-responsive genes associated with shoot growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ten-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings were exposed to liquid nutrient media containing 5 \u03bcM tZ, mT, or TDZ, or a control medium, for 15 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR using three independent biological replicates. All tested genes were strongly upregulated at 4 h following mT treatment, whereas most genes showed the highest expression at 8 h in response to TDZ. In contrast, tZ generally induced weaker and slower transcriptional responses. Expression levels of all analyzed genes returned to control-like or lower levels within 24 h. Overall, the three structurally distinct cytokinins induced markedly different temporal transcriptional responses, with mT producing the fastest and most pronounced effects on the expression of the tested genes under the applied experimental conditions. These findings improve our understanding of CK-dependent transcriptional dynamics during shoot development and provide a basis for future studies on CK-regulated morphogenesis and plant regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1788343372000},"page":"1499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Different Dynamics: Meta-Topolin Induces Faster and More Pronounced Upregulation of Selected Shoot Development-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Compared to Trans-Zeatin and Thidiazuron"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4222-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Pokimica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2715-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"\u0106osi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, 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Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8869-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Cingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, 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11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Plant Biotechnology and Conservation (CPBC), Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7014-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Raspor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, 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