{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:17:59Z","timestamp":1788362279543,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["A2026023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2026023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) involves not only the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra but also spinal cord degeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms of spinal cord degeneration remain unclear. This study investigated the spinal cord transcriptomic characteristics of MPTP-induced PD mice via transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key gene modules and potential therapeutic targets. An MPTP-induced PD mouse model was established, and spinal cord transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis, WGCNA for phenotype-correlated modules, and protein\u2013protein interaction analysis were subsequently conducted to identify key genes. In total, 3473 DEGs were identified (1775 upregulated, 1698 downregulated). Downregulated genes were predominantly enriched in pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and post-transcriptional regulation, whereas upregulated genes were associated with glutamatergic synapses, axonogenesis, and negative regulation of neurogenesis. Among the five co-expression modules, the brown and yellow modules were most strongly correlated with the PD phenotype, enriched in calcium signaling, inflammation, and spliceosome pathways. Key genes like Akt1, Nlrp3, Tgfb1, Lingo1, and Olig2 were upregulated, whereas Vps35 and Omg were downregulated. This study characterizes the spinal transcriptome of PD mice, suggesting that dysregulated post-transcriptional processes, abnormal oxidative phosphorylation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation may be potential candidate mechanisms and vital involved factors in spinal cord degeneration. These findings provide novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of spinal cord degeneration in PD and lay a foundation for targeted therapy, deserving further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:35:29Z","timestamp":1788359729000},"page":"1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Characteristics of Spinal Cord Degeneration in MPTP-Induced Parkinson\u2019s Disease Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Linglong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8479-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinyuejia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4788-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30230-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Ascherio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23901","article-title":"Brain region-dependent differential expression of alpha-synuclein","volume":"524","author":"Taguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-01995-0","article-title":"LRRK2 modifies \u03b1-syn pathology and spread in mouse models and human neurons","volume":"137","author":"Bieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9255-6","article-title":"Inhibition of Calpain Activation Protects MPTP-Induced Nigral and Spinal Cord Neurodegeneration, Reduces Inflammation, and Improves Gait Dynamics in Mice","volume":"52","author":"Samantaray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1028-y","article-title":"Spinal cord lesions in sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Braak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0193-x","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Lesions in dorsal horn layer I, involvement of parasympathetic and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons","volume":"113","author":"Braak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050705","article-title":"The intermediolateral nucleus and Clarke\u2019s column in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"94","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Neuropathology of autonomic nervous system in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.613551","article-title":"Involvement of the spinal cord in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"122","author":"Raudino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0664-3","article-title":"Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders","volume":"119","author":"Beach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1985.tb00020.x","article-title":"Autoradiography of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): Uptake in the monoaminergic pathways and in melanin containing tissues","volume":"57","author":"Bondesson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90957-6","article-title":"Changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"358","author":"Schwartzman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1432.002","article-title":"Extranigral neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1139","author":"Samantaray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05091.x","article-title":"Spinal cord degeneration in C57BL\/6N mice following induction of experimental parkinsonism with MPTP","volume":"104","author":"Samantaray","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12374","article-title":"Critical role of calpain in spinal cord degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"127","author":"Samantaray","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2012.04.003","article-title":"Loss of spinal motor neurons and alteration of alpha-synuclein immunostaining in MPTP induced Parkinsonism in mice","volume":"44","author":"Vivacqua","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136669","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid improved motor function in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mice by reducing neuroinflammation in the nigral and spinal cord","volume":"781","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp333","article-title":"Reactive microgliosis: Extracellular micro-calpain and microglia-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity","volume":"133","author":"Levesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.10.004","article-title":"Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"87","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zeng, F., Fan, G., and Dong, Q. (2021). Identification of Hub Genes and Construction of a Transcriptional Regulatory Network Associated With Tumor Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.649752"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80945-3","article-title":"Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the salt-responsive transcriptomes reveals novel hub genes in green halophytic microalgae Dunaliella salina","volume":"11","author":"Panahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.342","article-title":"Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Przedborski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00855-y","article-title":"Alternate-day fasting ameliorates \u03b1-synuclein pathology and suppresses inflammation via the gut-brain axis in an MPTP-induced subacute mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0309","article-title":"Healthy Human Fecal Microbiota Transplantation into Mice Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity via AMPK\/SOD2 Pathway","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577543","article-title":"A selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor attenuates behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"354","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102134","article-title":"The Nrf2-NLRP3-caspase-1 axis mediates the neuroprotective effects of Celastrol in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langfelder, P., and Horvath, S. (2008). WGCNA: An R package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinform., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1670","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973","article-title":"Generic Diagramming Platform (GDP): A comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, T., Liu, L., Kuang, F., Chen, M., Chen, H., Deng, J., Yang, Y., Sun, B., and Luo, H. (2026). Neuroprotective Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Juice Concentrate Powder in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Mice via the PI3K\/AKT Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19050711"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05924-7","article-title":"Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Motor Deficits of PD Mice via Regulating STING-Mediated Valeric Acid-Th17\/Treg-IL-17A Axis","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-026-01318-7","article-title":"Loss of METTL14 in dopaminergic neurons disrupts ER homeostasis via m6A-dependent regulation of Atp2a3 mRNA: Implications for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Teng","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Parkinson\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00781-z","article-title":"Microbiome drives age-dependent shifts in brain transcriptomic programs at the single-cell level in Drosophila","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105344","article-title":"Oxidative phosphorylation mediated pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and its implication via Akt signaling","volume":"157","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90062-9","article-title":"Spinal cord metabolism of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-treated monkey","volume":"337","author":"Schwartzman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spekker, E., Nagy-Gr\u00f3cz, G., and V\u00e9csei, L. (2023). Ion Channel Disturbances in Migraine Headache: Exploring the Potential Role of the Kynurenine System in the Context of the Trigeminovascular System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316574"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wang, F., Mai, D., and Qu, S. (2020). Molecular Mechanisms of Glutamate Toxicity in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.585584"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712800167365","article-title":"Mitochondrial disturbances, tryptophan metabolites and neurodegeneration: Medicinal chemistry aspects","volume":"19","author":"Szalardy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c04662","article-title":"Nanopore-Based Neurotransmitter Detection: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Salehirozveh","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04169.x","article-title":"Calpain upregulation and neuron death in spinal cord of MPTP-induced parkinsonism in mice","volume":"965","author":"Chera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05202.x","article-title":"Calpain upregulation in spinal cords of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"914","author":"Ray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.065","article-title":"Immunofluorescent labeling of increased calpain expression and neuronal death in the spinal cord of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice","volume":"1006","author":"Chera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.09.055","article-title":"Akt signal transduction dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"467","author":"Timmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14363","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3928-08.2008","article-title":"RTP801 is induced in Parkinson\u2019s disease and mediates neuron death by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation\/activation","volume":"28","author":"Malagelada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0921","article-title":"Akt1\/PKBalpha protects PC12 cells against the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and reduces the levels of oxygen-free radicals","volume":"17","author":"Salinas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105805","article-title":"The promise of the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily as a therapeutic target for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"171","author":"Karampetsou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105313","article-title":"Impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus of an adult VPS35 mutant mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease through interaction with APP","volume":"153","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13347","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13347","article-title":"VPS35 D620N knockin mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Fu, Y., Halliday, G.M., and Sue, C.M. (2021). PARK Genes Link Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in Sporadic Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.612476"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.02.014","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Parkinson\u2019s disease harboring VPS35 retromer complex component p.D620N with long-term follow-up","volume":"84","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00243-4","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated VPS35 mutant reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and impairs PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000204179.88955.fa","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein pathology in the spinal cords of neurologically asymptomatic aged individuals","volume":"66","author":"Klos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/17\/1503\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:47:21Z","timestamp":1788360441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/17\/1503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biology15171503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology15171503","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}