{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:17:34Z","timestamp":1788430654503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) increases tissue oxygen availability through the administration of near-pure oxygen under elevated atmospheric pressure. Although HBOT is clinically established for several hypoxia-related conditions and selected radiation-induced tissue injuries, its role in oncology remains controversial. This review evaluates HBOT as a context-dependent modulator of tumor and normal-tissue biology by integrating evidence on hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, redox homeostasis, tumor metabolism, vascular remodeling, immune regulation, extracellular matrix organization, cancer stemness, and treatment sensitivity. Available preclinical and clinical evidence does not support the historical assumption that HBOT universally accelerates tumor growth, recurrence, or metastasis, but current evidence is also insufficient to support HBOT as a broadly applicable standalone anticancer therapy. The strongest clinical evidence concerns late radiation-induced normal-tissue injury, particularly radiation cystitis, whereas evidence for direct antitumor activity or treatment sensitization remains predominantly preclinical and context-dependent. Selected experimental models suggest that transient reoxygenation may attenuate hypoxia-dependent signaling, alter redox and metabolic adaptation, and enhance sensitivity to radiotherapy or systemic anticancer treatment, while other models demonstrate increased proliferation or vascular responses. Future studies should incorporate standardized HBOT protocols, direct or surrogate measurements of tumor oxygenation, mechanistic biomarkers, patient stratification based on measurable tumor characteristics such as baseline hypoxia, redox phenotype, and microenvironmental features, and precise treatment scheduling. HBOT may ultimately be most relevant as a biomarker- and timing-guided pharmacodynamic reoxygenation strategy in tumors in which a transient reoxygenation window can be therapeutically exploited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15171512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:20:43Z","timestamp":1788427243000},"page":"1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Cancer: Friend, Foe, or Context-Dependent Modulator?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Turan","family":"Demircan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Department, School of Medicine, Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir 35665, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Erg\u00f6zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halil \u0130brahim","family":"\u00dcnsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Provincial Directorate of Health, Diyarbakir 21120, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9399-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayhan","family":"Bilir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.22462\/680","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Regimens, Treated Conditions, and Adverse Effect Profile: An Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Survey Study","volume":"51","author":"Laspro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy","volume":"2","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Certif. Wound Spec."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-012-0233-x","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Cancer\u2014A Review","volume":"7","author":"Moen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Target. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, M., and Rathored, J. (2024). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Future Prospects in Regenerative Therapy and Anti-Aging. Front. Aging, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1368982"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17472-2","article-title":"Mitochondrial Respiration Controls Neoangiogenesis during Wound Healing and Tumour Growth","volume":"11","author":"Schiffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2005.00078.x","article-title":"Hyperoxia and Angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Hopf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225578","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1225578","article-title":"ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and Its Implications in Aging Pathways","volume":"2022","author":"Pontes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70268","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70268","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.12.011","article-title":"Tumor Hypoxia: From Basic Knowledge to Therapeutic Implications","volume":"88","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01501-1","article-title":"Tumor Hypoxia Unveiled: Insights into Microenvironment, Detection Tools and Emerging Therapies","volume":"24","author":"Smolarczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakleh, M.Z., and Zen, A.A.H. (2025). The Distinct Role of HIF-1\u03b1 and HIF-2\u03b1 in Hypoxia and Angiogenesis. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14090673"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01180-8","article-title":"Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress, and the Interplay of HIFs and NRF2 Signaling in Cancer","volume":"56","author":"Bae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matuszewska, K., Pereira, M., Petrik, D., Lawler, J., and Petrik, J. (2021). Normalizing Tumor Vasculature to Reduce Hypoxia, Enhance Perfusion, and Optimize Therapy Uptake. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174444"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza, E.N., Ciriolo, M.R., and Ciccarone, F. (2025). Hypoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Their Role in Cancer Resistance and Emerging Therapies to Overcome It. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010094"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1108515","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1108515","article-title":"Myeloid Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Role of Adenosine","volume":"5","author":"Morello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118703","article-title":"Breaking the Hypoxia Barrier: Advances and Challenges of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Cancer Treatment","volume":"193","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00647-2","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: Mechanisms in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.5.371","article-title":"Effects of Reoxygenation on Cells From Hypoxic Regions of Solid Tumors: Anticancer Drug Sensitivity and Metastatic Potential","volume":"82","author":"Young","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","article-title":"Hypoxic Microenvironment in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-006-0190-6","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Malignancy: A Review","volume":"30","author":"Daruwalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mei, S., Han, Y., Yi, H., Gao, Y., Liu, Y., and Gong, X. (2025). Exploring a New Direction in Targeted Cancer Therapy through Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Combined with Biomedical Engineering Techniques. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1580515"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6959","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16115","article-title":"Mitochondria and Oxygen Homeostasis","volume":"289","author":"Mori","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzegorzewski, W., Czerniecka-Kubicka, A., Go\u0142da, K., Nied\u017awiedzka, A., Wollocko, H., Majewski, M.S., and Wojtkiewicz, J. (2025). Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Selected Advances and Challenges in the Design of Safe Oxygen Therapeutics (A Focused Review). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199775"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00436.x","article-title":"Wound Healing Essentials: Let There Be Oxygen","volume":"17","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159839","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI159839","article-title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Factors: Cancer Progression and Clinical Translation","volume":"132","author":"Wicks","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245049","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1245049","article-title":"Role of ROS and RNS Sources in Physiological and Pathological Conditions","volume":"2016","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12480","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Promotes Wound Repair in Ischemic and Hyperglycemic Conditions, Increasing Tissue Perfusion and Collagen Deposition","volume":"24","author":"Modarressi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02000-x","article-title":"Interfering with Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy Optimization","volume":"40","author":"Telarovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Jiang, H., Van De Gucht, M., and De Ridder, M. (2019). Hypoxic Radioresistance: Can ROS Be the Key to Overcome It?. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010112"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11070","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Affects Endothelial Progenitor Cells Proliferation in Vitro","volume":"43","author":"Benincasa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00689633","article-title":"Hypoxia and Drug Resistance","volume":"13","author":"Teicher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Midha, A.D., Chew, B.T.L., Choi, B.M.H., Suh, J.M., Carpenter, C., Baik, A.H., Joshi, T.A., Blume, S.Y., Haribowo, A.G., and Ruivo, P. (2026). Systemic Hypoxia Suppresses Solid Tumor Growth. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.09.704975"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.04.057","article-title":"Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Tumor Growth in Murine Model of PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line","volume":"73","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sletta, K.Y., Tveitar\u00e5s, M.K., Lu, N., Engelsen, A.S.T., Reed, R.K., Garmann-Johnsen, A., and Stuhr, L. (2017). Oxygen-Dependent Regulation of Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Human Breast Cancer Xenografts. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183254"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3244","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Promotes Malignant Glioma Cell Growth and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00486-0","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Promotes Not Only Glioblastoma Proliferation but Also Chemosensitization by Inhibiting HIF1\u03b1\/HIF2\u03b1-Sox2","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"713","article-title":"Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on tumor growth in the mouse model of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05156.x","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Does Not Accelerate Latent in Vivo Prostate Cancer: Implications for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Haemorrhagic Cystitis","volume":"94","author":"Chong","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"363","article-title":"The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Growth and Chemosensitivity of Metastatic Prostate Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Kalns","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-999-0008-6","article-title":"Exposure to Hyperbaric Oxygen Induces Cell Cycle Perturbation in Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"35","author":"Kalns","year":"1999","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2023.102645","article-title":"Evolution of the HIF Targeted Therapy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"121","author":"Golijanin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00876-w","article-title":"Von Hippel-Lindau Protein Signalling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91454-2","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Suppressed Tumor Progression through the Improvement of Tumor Hypoxia and Induction of Tumor Apoptosis in A549-Cell-Transferred Lung Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Ke, J., Min, S., Wu, N., Liu, F., Qu, Z., Li, W., Wang, H., Qian, Z., and Wang, X. (2021). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Represses the Warburg Effect and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxic NSCLC Cells via the HIF-1\u03b1\/PFKP Axis. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.691762"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2023.69.14.21","article-title":"Evaluation of Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Suppression of Hyper-Proliferation in Hypoxic NSCLC Cells","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2019.1571124","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Rescues Lung Cancer Cells from Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Low Differentiation and Apoptosis Resistance","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200062","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00062-2022","article-title":"Inspiratory Hyperoxia Suppresses Lung Cancer Metastasis through a MYC\/SLC1A5-Dependent Metabolic Pathway","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.08.004","article-title":"The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Tumour Growth in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases","volume":"42","author":"Daruwalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"121","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Increases the Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy on Experimental Colorectal Cancer in Mice","volume":"14","author":"Machado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860701499839","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effect of SMA-Pirarubicin Micelles on Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases and of Hyperbaric Oxygen in CBA Mice","volume":"15","author":"Daruwalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.62280","article-title":"Melatonin and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapies Suppress Colorectal Carcinogenesis through Pleiotropic Effects and Multifaceted Mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-021-06332-2","article-title":"The Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Late Radiation Toxicity and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"189","author":"Batenburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0700-0","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Late Radiation-Induced Tissue Toxicity: Prospectively Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"11","author":"Teguh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.12.009","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Local Late Radiation Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review","volume":"67","author":"Meier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.6776","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Late Local Toxic Effects in Patients With Irradiated Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"10","author":"Batenburg","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2004.13.1008","article-title":"Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Reduce Breast Cancer Treatment-Related Lymphedema? A Pilot Study","volume":"13","author":"Teas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"e1445","article-title":"Efficacy of Metabolically Supported Chemotherapy Combined with Ketogenic Diet, Hyperthermia, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Stage IV Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Slocum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"970","article-title":"Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on tumor growth","volume":"35","author":"Frid","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vopr. Onkol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70444","article-title":"Real-Time Monitoring of Tissue Oxygenation During Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure Using In Vivo EPR Oximetry","volume":"96","author":"Kmiec","year":"2026","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, D.A., Sampaio-Alves, M., Netto, E., Fernandez, G., Oliveira, E., Teixeira, A., Daniel, P.M., Bernardo, G.S., and Amaro, C. (2022). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as a Complementary Treatment in Glioblastoma\u2014A Scoping Review. Front. Neurol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.886603"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.229600","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Strategy in Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45100524","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy through Inhibiting Stemness in Glioblastoma","volume":"45","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.02.019","article-title":"High-Pressure Oxygen Rewires Glucose Metabolism of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells and Fuels Inflammasome Response","volume":"506","author":"Arienti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuen, C.-M., Tsai, H.-P., Tseng, T.-T., Tseng, Y.-L., Lieu, A.-S., Kwan, A.-L., and Chang, A.Y.W. (2024). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as a Novel Approach to Modulating Macrophage Polarization for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071383"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.324589","article-title":"Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Glioma: A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4103\/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00096","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Adjunt Treatment for Glioma and Brain Metastasis: A Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw105","article-title":"Radiotherapy Using IMRT Boosts after Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy with Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma","volume":"58","author":"Yahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03823-w","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 and HIF-2\u03b1: Synergistic Regulation of Glioblastoma Malignant Progression during Hypoxia and Apparent Chemosensitization in Response to Hyperbaric Oxygen","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14015","article-title":"Potential of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Urological Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2010.09.006","article-title":"Management of Hemorrhagic Radiation Cystitis with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Parra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Actas Urol. Esp."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0790-3","article-title":"Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis","volume":"19","author":"Cardinal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Urol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, T.-K., Wang, Y.-J., Li, H.-J., Yu, Y.-F., Huang, K.-W., and Cheng, J.C.-H. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164724"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103214","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Cystitis Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (RICH-ART): Long-Term Follow-up of a Randomised Controlled, Phase 2\u20133 Trial","volume":"83","author":"Oscarsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30494-2","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Cystitis Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (RICH-ART): A Randomised, Controlled, Phase 2\u20133 Trial","volume":"20","author":"Oscarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003929","article-title":"Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation Cystitis: Early Results From the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy","volume":"211","author":"Moses","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, L., He, M., Zeng, Y., Ni, X., Guo, Y., Xie, X., Sun, L., and Huang, H. (2025). Case Report: Successful Treatment of Hyperbaric Oxygen for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in a 95-Year-Old Patient with Bladder Cancer. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1410148"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.056","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Cystitis and Proctitis","volume":"84","author":"Oliai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/17\/1512\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:43:35Z","timestamp":1788428615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/17\/1512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biology15171512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology15171512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}