{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:12:32Z","timestamp":1788959552652,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFAA069142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["2026YT023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026YT023"]}]},{"award":["2026YT023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026YT023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020rkr389","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stable Funding Program for Scientific Research Team Project","award":["NYS2025ST01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NYS2025ST01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>bHLH transcription factors are central to plant development and to the metabolism of fatty acids and flavonoids. Through the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phytohormone\/elemental profiling of two macadamia varieties with divergent fatty acid content, \u2018Guire No. 1\u2019 (GR1) and \u2018A4\u2019, we identified 142 MibHLH transcription factors, classified into 21 subfamilies, of which 14 show collinearity with Arabidopsis AtbHLH members. MibHLH46 was markedly differentially expressed, and its expression strongly correlated with that of fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Promoter analysis further revealed abundant MYC and G-box elements in fatty acid and flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Comparative metabolomics showed that \u2018GR1\u2019 accumulates higher levels of several mineral elements (Fe, Ca, Mg) and abscisic acid (ABA) than \u2018A4\u2019. These transcriptomic trends were confirmed by qRT-PCR, which validated the up-regulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, \u03b1-linolenic acid metabolism, and the flavonoid pathway in \u2018GR1\u2019. We propose that MibHLH46, as a candidate regulator, contributes to kernel fatty acid and flavonoid metabolism by transcriptionally regulating key biosynthetic genes, providing a basis for identifying regulatory genes in macadamia lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15181589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:26:11Z","timestamp":1788956771000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes in Fatty Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Macadamia Nut (Macadamia integrifolia)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiujin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Chongzuo Field Integrated Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chunheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Chongzuo Field Integrated Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Chongzuo Field Integrated Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Chongzuo Field Integrated Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wenlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Chongzuo Field Integrated Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2706","article-title":"Source Attribution of Salmonella in Macadamia Nuts to Animal and Environmental Reservoirs in Queensland, Australia","volume":"17","author":"Munck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. 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