{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1789794141829,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Human Resources and Social Security Department","award":["XDYC-QNRC-2023-0394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDYC-QNRC-2023-0394"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1601903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1601903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202302AE090015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202305AF150128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["202302AE090015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AE090015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03whqdf70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["202305AF150128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150128"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03whqdf70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alternative feed ingredients may alter intestinal structure and function. We examined jejunal, ileal, and cecal responses in Large Diqing Tibetan pigs fed a control diet or one in which walnut cake replaced 50% of soybean meal. Two pigs were sampled from each of three pens per treatment. Intestinal morphology was assessed histologically, and RNA sequencing data from 8 jejunal, 12 ileal, and 10 cecal samples retained after screening were analyzed by voom\u2013dream, differentially expressed gene (DEG) enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The 50W group showed higher villus-related indices in the jejunum and ileum and greater cecal mucosal thickness and crypt depth. The screened-sample analysis identified 103, 67, and 1979 DEGs, respectively. Pathway analyses associated jejunal responses with nutrient metabolism, ion transport, and epithelial organization; ileal responses with DNA replication, cell cycle, and epithelial renewal; and cecal responses with extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion. Although jejunal and cecal DEG counts were sensitive to sample inclusion, principal pathway-enrichment directions were broadly maintained in full-sample and leave-one-pen-out analyses. RT-qPCR results for five selected genes showed concordant directions of expression change with the corresponding RNA-seq results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15181636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:50:27Z","timestamp":1789566627000},"page":"1636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological and Transcriptomic Responses of Three Intestinal Segments Following the Replacement of 50% of Dietary Soybean Meal with Walnut Cake in Finishing Large Diqing Tibetan Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Province Animal Husbandry Station, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7151-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0303","article-title":"Invited review: Current status, challenges and prospects for pig production in Asia","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. 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