{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:55:55Z","timestamp":1790931355540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020417","name":"Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIKAS-FICDTEM-25-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIKAS-FICDTEM-25-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CIKAS-FICDTEM-25-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIKAS-FICDTEM-25-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05k0wa595","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPIIT IN201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IN201724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPIIT IA205626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IA205626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PAPIIT IN201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IN201724"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PAPIIT IA205626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IA205626"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation and the balance between antitumor surveillance and immunoregulatory mechanisms influence chemically induced skin tumor development. STAT6 is a central mediator of IL-4\/IL-13 signaling, but its contribution to early skin papilloma development remains unclear. Here, we examined papilloma onset and burden, histopathological alterations, Treg accumulation, and CD8+ T-cell-associated responses in WT and STAT6-deficient mice subjected to a two-stage DMBA\/TPA protocol. STAT6\u2212\/\u2212 mice developed papillomas significantly earlier and exhibited a markedly greater lesion burden than WT mice. This phenotype was associated with more prominent keratinization-related histopathological features, increased Foxp3+ Treg frequency and PD-1 expression in skin-draining lymph nodes, and a broader distribution of Foxp3+ cells within papillomas. STAT6 deficiency was also accompanied by attenuated CD8+IFN-\u03b3+ responses in draining lymph nodes and reduced CD8+ cell infiltration within lesions. Collectively, these findings reveal a distinct immune profile associated with enhanced susceptibility to chemically induced skin papillomas and underscore the context-dependent role of STAT6 in cutaneous tumor immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15191747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:15:18Z","timestamp":1790928918000},"page":"1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STAT6 Deficiency Accelerates DMBA\/TPA-Induced Skin Papilloma Development and Is Associated with Regulatory T-Cell Accumulation and Reduced CD8+IFN-\u03b3+ Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aranza","family":"Mej\u00eda-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Galindo-Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Moreno-Tovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Citlaltepetl","family":"Salinas-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garibay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8096-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n D.","family":"Arroyo Olarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1661-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Leon-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2021.153477","article-title":"STAT6: A Review of a Signaling Pathway Implicated in Various Diseases with a Special Emphasis in Its Usefulness in Pathology","volume":"223","author":"Karpathiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathol.\u2014Res. 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